On January 12, 2016, Senators Charles Dean Sr. (R) and Denise Grimsley (R) introduced Florida Bill ‪#‎SB1054‬ while House of Representatives Charles Stone (R), Charles Van Zant (R), Jimmie Smith (R), Jake Raburn (R), Ray Pilon (R), Rene Plasencia (R), Keith Perry (R), Amanda Murphy (D), Chris Latvala (R), Gayle Harrell (R), James Grant (R), and Dennis Baxley (R) introduced Florida Bill  #‎HB803‬ to the Florida House of Representatives and Senate that would allow for any individuals to apply for an annual permit, and pay a $100 fee in order to dig for artifacts in submerged state-owned waters. Once artifacts have been found the individual that found them would be allowed to keep them. This bill is set to take effect on July 1st of 2016.

Have you heard about the great archaeological discoveries of this year? Were you intrigued to hear about the discovery of a hidden chamber inside of King Tut's Tomb? How about the discovery of a lost civilization discovered in the Honduran Rain Forest or of Homo naledi, a new branch on the human evolutionary tree? The identification of the Lost Leaders of Jamestown or the burial of a ceremonial bobcat in the Illinois Hopewell Mounds? This past year in archaeology has been tremendous. News articles have been published almost every week regarding a new find.  

These finds would not have been possible without the proper training, and excavations of archaeologists.

Archaeologists work hard in order to preserve the context of a site, without context the artifacts mean absolutely nothing. Kathleen Deagan, Distinguished Research Curator of Archaeology and Adjunct Professor of Anthropology at the University of Florida's Florida Museum of Natural History, points out that “artifacts have historical importance and meaning only in their stratigraphic context (that is, soil layers or “dirt stains”) and in their associations (that is, the other artifacts that are in the dirt above, below, and beside them). Without those contexts, they can only be aesthetic objects.” Archaeology is a destructive field. Once dug, the context is lost forever. Therefore, excavations need to be done properly otherwise an extraordinary amount of information will be lost. Allowing anyone to excavate will destroy valuable information that can never be recovered.

According to the Florida Historical Resources Act (Ch. 267 of the Florida Statutes), historical and archaeological sites and artifacts located on State-owned lands, including submerged lands, belong to the people of Florida. Excavating, disturbing, or collecting is prohibited in order to protect information about our State's past.

Frequently Asked Questions about Collecting from State Lands: (Adapted from the Florida Public Archaeology Network, http://fpan.us/resources/collecting.php, January 13, 2016)

Why should artifacts not be collected?

The problem isn't kids picking up arrowheads - that's how a lot of people get interested in archaeology! The problem is that these objects are a part of our common past and belong to everyone, not just to people who want to take them. Just like sea oats belong to everyone and provide a vital role for our beaches and so are protected by law, artifacts belong to everyone and provide vital information about our heritage and so are protected by law.

But people can get permits and licenses to hunt deer and other animals on state lands - why not a permit to hunt artifacts?

The difference is deer grow back, artifacts don't. Also, the state doesn't give permits to hunt Florida panthers - they are endangered, just like archaeological remains are.

So if I find an artifact anywhere in Florida and pick it up, I can go to jail?

Not at all! Collecting from private property is certainly allowed - all you need is permission of the property owner. Some city and county lands can be collected from, although many do have archaeological protection ordinances so people should make sure they find out the rules and get permission. State and federal lands, however, have these laws in place to protect our archaeological heritage for the benefit of everyone. Also, simply picking up an arrowhead from state lands won't get you sent to jail, although the park ranger or FWCC officer likely will ask you to leave it at the park or turn it in. The intentional looting of archaeological sites on state lands does, however, get people in big trouble!

But what about that big bust I heard about a couple of years ago? A bunch of those people were fined or sentenced!

Yes, they were! Those weren’t people who were simply strolling through the state forest and happened upon an arrowhead or two. After a multi-year investigation, the FWCC built cases against individuals suspected of illegally excavating and taking artifacts from state lands, destroying archaeological sites, including Native American graves, in the process and then selling those items for sometimes huge personal gain. The information lost and the artifacts stolen – which by law belong to the people of Florida – were astounding. The perpetrators knew they were breaking the law and chose to continue their illegal activities.

But if permit holders were required to turn in information on what they found, wouldn't that be ok?

The problem is that it's been tried before in Florida and failed - the Isolated Finds program was implemented so that people could keep certain artifacts they found in Florida rivers and all they had to do was turn in information, and it was free! Very few IF reports were sent in, however, and the state discontinued IF due to wide-spread non-compliance among the river diver collecting community. Issuing permits would make tracking collectors easier for the state, but also would require additional staffing as well as additional law enforcement time, a cost which will ultimately be paid by tax payers. In order to pay for the program by charging for permits, each permit would cost hundreds of dollars, making them out of range for most citizens, which would defeat the purpose of a "citizen’s" permit.

But don't you want citizens to help with archaeology?

Absolutely! But proposed programs like Bill HB803/SB1054 or the "Citizens Archaeology Permit" are not helpful- there is nothing archaeological about simply collecting artifacts. Archaeology is not about collecting things - it's about what those "things" can tell us about the people who made and used them. Archaeologists care about past human behaviors and activities, and we learn about that through the objects people left behind. When those objects are collected willy-nilly and are removed from the surrounding landscape and other artifacts, we lose information. FPAN, the Florida Anthropological Society, and other organizations and academic programs provide many ways for citizens to assist and become involved in meaningful archaeological research that provides information about our past, not simply picking up random objects.

How can you help?

1. Please say NO to Florida Bills ‪#‎HB803‬ and ‪#‎SB1054‬ that would allow anyone to dig and collect artifacts by signing this petition.

2. Share this petition with your friends, colleagues, family, and the communities you work with through email, Facebook, and Twitter. Tell them #WhyArchMatters to you, and how it benefits them.

To learn more: http://fpan.us/resources/collecting.php​ ; http://www.firstcoastnews.com/story/news/2016/01/12/bill-would-issue-archaeology-permits-any-citizen/78704806/​ ; http://www.flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2016/803/?Tab=BillText​ ; https://www.flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2016/1054 

If you are interested in getting involved in these projects then join an archaeological society such as the Archaeological Institute of America, or the Society for American Archaeology. If you would like to get involved on a more local level then join a group such as the Florida Anthropological Society, or the Florida Public Archaeology Network!

https://www.archaeological.org/
http://www.saa.org/publicftp/PUBLIC/faqs/FAQGettingInvolved.html
http://fasweb.org 
http://www.flpublicarchaeology.org/

Thank you so much for your time and interest.