The following text is a proposal that is waiting to be sent to Susquehanna University. It calls for the divestment or removal of fossil fuel investments (via the school's endowment). This is a large goal and can only be achieved with the help of the student body. Please take the time to read this proposal and consider signing your name to show the school that you do not support your money being used in industries that harm both the people and the planet with little financial gain in return. We do not always have a chance to make a difference or meaningful impact. Today, you do. 

A Proposal to Susquehanna University: Divestment

Intro: Around the country, 1,318 institutions are divesting (removing or pulling their investments out of the fossil fuel industry).[1] These universities include but are not limited to Chatham University, Pratt Institute of Art and Design, The New School, Cornell University, The University of Vermont, and all University of California schools. Through divestment, these universities have shown a commitment to the health and well being of students, as well as the environment. Not only is divestment morally commendable, it is also a financially intelligent move. In addition, the university should strive to set students up for the future, not tear them down. By investing in fossil fuels, the university is trading with your future. Overall, the student population, the university, and the planet only serve to benefit from divestment.

Proposal: By the start of the incoming August 2021 Fall Semester, we, the Susquehanna University student population, demand that Susquehanna University have a response to this proposal; and a divestment plan in place that allows the institution to be fully divested (investments removed from both direct fossil fuel investments, as well as indirect/commingled ones) no later than 2030. We do not require that the university release its investment portfolio, but rather that it be transparent with its student population. We demand that the university state the percentages that it has invested in fossil fuel industries (direct and indirect). We then demand that Susquehanna University divest from all fossil fuel industries (or what can be reasonably considered as such) in their entirety. This includes but is not limited to coal and natural gas producers, transporters, drillers and distributors, and large publicly traded companies such as Exxon Mobil. Following the example of the other mentioned schools, we recommend a staged divestment plan which allows for the school to slowly divest, being fully divested no later than August of 2030. The following sections of this proposal list the reasons why, we, the student population of Susquehanna University, call for the university to divest. 

Impact on Health & Education: As an educational institution, Susquehanna University has undoubtedly made it its goal to educate students to the best of their ability. In fact, on a webpage regarding Susquehanna 2.0 (Susquehanna’s new educational transformation initiative), the school writes that they want to “ensure we deliver a student-focused model that effectively recruits, serves and retains our students.”[2] However, while stating that, the university is actively funding an industry that is not only creating a deadly future for students, but inhibiting education itself. A recent study analyzing the impact of air pollution and the brain concluded that “the effect of air pollution on verbal tests becomes more pronounced as people age, especially for men and the less educated. The damage on the aging brain by air pollution likely imposes substantial health and economic costs.”[3] In other words, Susquehanna University, while striving to create a more educationally impactful atmosphere, is funding fossil fuel companies who have a history of damaging the brain. Fuel combustion creates 85% of air pollution, according to the scholarly journal The Lancet.[4] The World Health Organization found that only 1 person in 10 lives in a city with air clean enough to meet their air quality guidelines. This means that almost everybody is affected by air pollution caused by fossil fuel emissions. Babies' brains are especially harmed by fossil fuel emissions. Children take in more air per unit of body weight than adults, and therefore inhale more emissions. A study conducted by UNICEF showed that “nearly 17 million babies live in areas where outdoor air pollution is at least six times higher than international limits – potentially putting their brain development at risk simply because of the air they breathe.”[5] How can Susquehanna University, as an educational institution, fund institutions that negatively impact the brain? They cannot, and the student population demands divestment as a result.

Racial Disparities: It is not a secret that the fossil fuel industry takes victims with it. Every dollar invested in fossil fuel industries comes with a social cost. A study published just 6 days ago (4/13) by Green Peace, Gulf Coast Center for Law and Policy, and The Movement for Black Lives exposes just some of the social costs that institutions involved in the fossil fuel industry willingly participate in. First, “in 2018 in the United States, there were roughly 355,000 premature deaths due to fossil fuel-linked air pollution, carrying an economic cost of hundreds of billions of dollars.”[6] However, these premature deaths are not equal and fall heavily on certain members of society. For example, the study found that in Texas, “Latina women in the Eagle Ford shale — the site of a major fracking boom — face significantly higher risk of giving birth prematurely.”[7] African American populations also bear a significant fossil fuel burden. The study finds that “the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the disproportionate impacts of fossil fuel pollution. Black/African-American and other people of color have been more likely to die from the disease. Preliminary science indicates that long-standing inequalities in exposure to air pollution could be an especially deadly risk factor for COVID 19.”[8] However, Covid aside, the death from fossil fuels on everyone is perhaps higher than we, as humans, have ever thought. A recent article by The Harvard Gazette, detailed new research that suggests fossil fuels may be a leading cause of death. They write “more than 8 million people died in 2018 from fossil fuel pollution, significantly higher than previous research suggested, according to new research from Harvard University, in collaboration with the University of Birmingham, University of Leicester, and University College London. Researchers estimated that exposure to particulate matter from fossil fuel emissions accounted for 18 percent of total global deaths in 2018 — a little less than 1 out of 5.”[9] What does this tell us? It suggests that with every dollar the university invests on students’ behalf, people not only suffer, but die. If the university is committed to supporting diversity initiatives-including Black Lives Matter- it cannot ignore that their investments in fossil fuels directly cause harm to marginalized communities. The NAACP found that “more African Americans live near coal fired power plants, nuclear power plants, or biomass power plants than any other demographic group in the U.S.” Over the past several decades, “approximately 68% of African Americans live or have lived within 30 miles of a coal-fired power plant.” These statistics are tied to increased birth defects, heart disease, asthma, lung disease, learning difficulties, and lower property values.[10] The evidence is clear, fossil fuels damage everyone, especially people of color. The university must take action and divest if they are to stop their role in the disproportionate damage currently being caused.

Finances: As a successful educational institution, Susquehanna undoubtedly has an incentive to bring in profit, and for good reason. The greater the return on their investment (via the endowment), the more financial aid Susquehanna can offer to its students. These scholarships are crucial not only for individuals to better afford college, but they also make Susquehanna more enticing to curious students. This is precisely why divestment is the most beneficial move going forward. During his presentation to the Environmental Club, Executive-Vice President of Finance, Mike Coyne, explained that a study conducted a few years ago concluded that 7% of Susquehanna’s endowment was tied up in the fossil fuel industry. This 7% included, in his words, both the fuel giant Exxon Mobil, as well as coal plants. In 2020, Exxon Mobil shares declined by 40%.[11] It was also removed from the Dow Jones for the first time since 1928 and in the fourth quarter of 2020 alone, ExxonMobil lost $20.1 billion dollars.[12] This is not simply due to Covid-19, but is a historical trend. Exxon's market capitalization was $525 billion in 2007. Rather recently, it fell to a mere $173.[13] The coal industry is also on the decline with a 2019 industry wide study finding that since 2015 there has been an 84% drop in new coal plant construction.[14] This is all in conjunction with the fact that the energy sector was financially one of the worst performing in 2020, dropping over 33%.[15] The poor performance of the energy sector in 2020 is accompanied by a history of below standard returns. In fact, according to research conducted by Refinitiv, an LSEG (London Stock Exchange Group) business and reporting by CNN, “for the decade, the energy sector is up a paltry 34%... by far the worst total return of any of the S&P 500’s 11 sectors. The next closest sector, materials, has climbed five times as much.”[16] Simply put, besides divestment being better for both people and the planet, it is overwhelmingly a more strategic financial choice. It appears as though the financially fruitful legacy of fossil fuels is in the past. A comprehensive study conducted by the Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis in conjunction with Sightline Institute, concluded that “the financial case for fossil fuel divestment is strong.”[17] For instance, evidence suggests that indexes without fossil fuels are preforming better with the study finding that “the MSCI-All Country Global Index [a rather important and reviewed Index throughout the world] without fossil fuels has outperformed the Index that includes fossil fuels.”[18] Moreover, staying invested in fossil fuels is harming institutions with an analysis by the Corporate Knights revealing that the “opportunity cost to a number of pension funds, including the New York State Common Retirement Fund, New York State’s pension fund….concluded the fund “lost” $17.5 billion over 10 years because it failed to divest from fossil fuel companies, including coal-fired utilities [an industry Executive-Vice President of Finance Mike Coyne referenced Susquehanna was involved in].”[19] However, the financial case for divestment does not stop there. The study also found the world economy is steadily progressing to one based on higher technology and less energy intensity. This is occurring directly as fossil fuel companies are expending more and more energy for oil via fracking, transportation, litigation, and lawsuits, etc. The very nature of the fossil fuel industry makes it inefficient. Meanwhile, solar and renewables use is growing and becoming more efficient by the day. Solar is not only the “cheapest…electricity in history,” but according to the International Energy Agency World Energy Outlook 2020, their main scenario for the future “has 43% more solar output by 2040 than it expected…. partly due to detailed new analysis showing that solar power is 20-50% cheaper than thought.”[20] This leaves the fossil fuel industry and those invested with little options. As renewables get cheaper, lawsuits amount (see section below), and the economy changes not only to one less energy intensive, but to one ran on cash rather than solely how much oil there is, fossil fuel companies will have to choose to either continue and cost investors more money, or slow down and be forced to admit their industry is in financial trouble.[21] In short, the answer is simple; fossil fuels investments are increasingly risker. Why would the university want to base its investments in a sector riddled with an unknown and unsteady future? If the university is committed to providing for its students economically, then fossil fuels are not the investment to make. It is precisely as executive Director of the International Energy Agency, Fatih Birol, put it, “in order not to make the wrong investment decisions, in terms of making the investment decisions which may not bring the right returns, or in terms of missing investment opportunities, businesses may need to take climate policies and the impact for their businesses more seriously.”[22] Perhaps it is stated even better by the Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis and Sightline Institute, “The larger divestment question is: What are the standards of care and diligence that today’s fund trustees wish to pass on to those who come next?”[23] Will Susquehanna strive to create strong financial gains and an equitable future for its students, or risk it all for an industry riddled with lawsuits, inefficiency, and unsteadiness? The students choose divestment.

Relation to Susquehanna University: Being a private institution, Susquehanna University does not openly disclose its investments. Perhaps there is a reason for this.  Fossil fuel industries are frequently the target of lawsuits. Just last year, Connecticut sued ExxonMobil under the “Connecticut Unfair Trade Practices Act, alleging an ongoing, systematic campaign of lies and deception to hide from the public what ExxonMobil has known for decades—that burning fossil fuels undeniably contributes to climate change”.[24] They are not alone. In 2020, “Minnesota Attorney General Keith Ellison filed a lawsuit… on behalf of the State and its residents to stop deceptive practices related to climate change and to hold ExxonMobil Corp., the American Petroleum Institute, and three Koch Industries entities accountable for perpetuating fraud against Minnesotans.”[25] Following the Minnesota lawsuit, D.C. “Attorney General Karl A. Racine… sued Exxon Mobil, BP, Chevron, and Shell for systematically and intentionally misleading District consumers about the role their products play in causing climate change”.[26] It is not hard to grasp that there is a negative public perception regarding fossil fuel industries. By investing in them and supporting fossil fuel industry giants like Exxon Mobil, Susquehanna University is connecting itself to this negative press. Additionally, it is not only large fossil fuel giants that are being looked at in the public sector. Recently, “the Wolf Administration...announced that a $2.5 million contract is in place with the University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health to conduct research on the potential health effects of hydraulic fracturing in Pennsylvania [Washington County in particular].”[27] This is due to the local community being fearful over increased cases of a rare cancer. The findings of this study could further harm the public trust in the fossil fuel industry, especially in local PA communities. Does Susquehanna want to be connected to this industry? Besides purchasing the fossil fuels required for energy production, additional endowment investments simply further Susquehanna’s connection to the ticking publicity nightmare of fossil fuels. Mike Coyne mentioned that, in the past, Susquehanna University was targeted by the Sierra Club as a “dirty” college. Today, the Sierra Club is increasingly calling out and pursuing divestment plans for schools.[28] Every day Susquehanna University stays invested in fossil fuels, they once again move down the ladder of Sierra Club approval, and run the risk of being called out once again.

School & Student Support: The Student Government Association supports the proposal and we hope to be able to say that this proposal is backed and supported by a majority (over 1,000) of the student population. It is only when, we, as a student population, demand that Susquehanna respect our wishes and accept our call to action, that this goal can be achieved. We need to join together to both demand change and support Susquehanna on its journey to divestment.

Deadline: Once again, by the start of the upcoming August 2021 Fall Semester, we demand that Susquehanna have a divestment plan in place; and that the institution is fully divested no later than 2030.

References

“AG Ellison Sues ExxonMobil, Koch Industries & American Petroleum Institute for Deceiving, Defrauding Minnesotans about Climate Change.” June 24, 2020 | Office of Attorney General Keith Ellison, June 24, 2020. https://www.ag.state.mn.us/Office/Communications/2020/06/24_ExxonKochAPI.asp

Bomey, Nathan. “Exxon Mobil, Pfizer Removed from Dow Jones Industrial Average; Salesforce, Honeywell Added.” USA Today. Gannett Satellite Information Network, August 25, 2020. https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2020/08/25/exxon-pfizer-dow-jones-industrial-average-salesforce-djia/5630916002/

Burrows, Leah. “Deaths from Fossil Fuel Emissions Higher than Thought.” Harvard Gazette. Harvard Gazette, February 9, 2021. https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2021/02/deaths-from-fossil-fuel-emissions-higher-than-thought/

Carrington, Damian. “Fossil Fuel Firms Risk Wasting Billions by Ignoring Climate Change, Says IEA.” The Guardian. Guardian News and Media, July 9, 2015. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/jul/09/fossil-fuel-firms-risk-billions-ignoring-climate-change-iea

“CONNECTICUT SUES EXXON FOR DECADES OF DECEIT REGARDING CLIMATE CHANGE.” CT.gov, September 14, 2020. https://portal.ct.gov/AG/Press-Releases/2020-Press-Releases/CONNECTICUT-SUES-EXXON-FOR-DECADES-OF-DECEIT-REGARDING-CLIMATE-CHANGE

Contributor Daniel Foelber The Motley Fool, Daniel Foelber. “The 5 Worst Energy Stocks of 2020.” Nasdaq, December 11, 2020. https://www.nasdaq.com/articles/the-5-worst-energy-stocks-of-2020-2020-12-11

“Divestment Commitments.” Fossil Free: Divestment. Accessed April 5, 2021. https://gofossilfree.org/divestment/commitments/   

Egan, Matt. “Energy Stocks Are the Biggest Losers of 2019 -- and the Decade.” CNN. Cable News Network, December 29, 2019. https://www.cnn.com/2019/12/18/investing/worst-stocks-oil-energy

Evans, Simon. “Solar Is Now 'Cheapest Electricity in History', Confirms IEA.” Carbon Brief, October 13, 2020. https://www.carbonbrief.org/solar-is-now-cheapest-electricity-in-history-confirms-iea

“ExxonMobil Reports Results for Fourth Quarter 2020 and Provides Perspective on Forward Plans.” ExxonMobil, February 2, 2021. https://corporate.exxonmobil.com/News/Newsroom/News-releases/2021/0202_ExxonMobil-reports-results-for-fourth-quarter-2020-and-provides-perspective-on-forward-plans

Lancet. “The Lancet Commission on Pollution and Health.” The Lancet, October 19, 2017. https://www.thelancet.com/commissions/pollution-and-health

“Newsroom.” AG Racine Sues Exxon Mobil, BP, Chevron, and Shell for Misleading Consumers About the Role Fossil Fuels Play in Climate Change, June 25, 2020. https://oag.dc.gov/release/ag-racine-sues-exxon-mobil-bp-chevron-and-shell

Ponciano, Jonathan. “Exxon Mobil And Wells Fargo Lost $220 Billion In Market Value This Year–The U.S. Stock Market's Biggest 2020 Losers.” Forbes. Forbes Magazine, January 8, 2021. https://www.forbes.com/sites/jonathanponciano/2020/12/29/worst-stocks-exxonmobil-and-wells-fargo-lost-220-billion-in-market-value/?sh=61da2b675fbc

Rees, Nicholas. “Danger in the Air - UNICEF.” UNICEF, November 2017. https://www.unicef.org/environment/files/Danger_in_the_Air.pdf

Sanzillo, Tom, Kathy Hipple, and Clark Williams-Derry. “The Financial Case for Fossil Fuel Divestment,” July 2018. http://ieefa.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Divestment-from-Fossil-Fuels_The-Financial-Case_July-2018.pdf

Shearer, Christine, Mathew-Shah, Lauri Myllyvirta, Aiqun Yu, and Ted Nace. “Boom and Bust 2019: Tracking the Global Coal Plant Pipeline,” 2019. https://endcoal.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/BoomAndBust_2019_r6.pdf

Sierra Club. “CAMPUSES BEYOND COAL: THE SIERRA STUDENT COALITION’S CAMPAIGN FOR CLEAN, 21ST-CENTURY ENERGY.” Sierra Club Student Coalition . Accessed March 29, 2021. https://content.sierraclub.org/creative-archive/sites/content.sierraclub.org.creative-archive/files/pdfs/0469-CampusBC_Fact_04_low.pdf

“SU 2.0.” SU 2.0 – Susquehanna University. Accessed April 17, 2021. https://www.susqu.edu/about-susquehanna/su-20

Tim Donaghy, Tim, and Charlie Jiang. “Fossil Fuel Racism How Phasing Out Oil, Gas, and Coal Can Protect Communities,” April 13, 2021. https://www.greenpeace.org/usa/reports/fossil-fuel-racism/

Wilson , Adrian, Jacqui Patterson, Amanda Starbuck , Annie Sartor, Judy Hatcher , John Fleming, Katie Fink, and Larissa Johnson. “Coal Blooded Putting Profits Before People.” Edited by Monique W. Morris . Accessed 2021. https://www.naacp.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/CoalBlooded.pdf

“Wolf Administration Awards $2.5 Million Contract To University Of Pittsburgh To Research Health Effects Of Hydraulic Fracturing In Pennsylvania.” Pennsylvania Pressroom, December 22, 2020. https://www.media.pa.gov/pages/health-details.aspx?newsid=1215

Zhang, Xin, Xi Chen, and Xiaobo Zhang. “The Impact of Exposure to Air Pollution on Cognitive Performance.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 37 (2018): 9193–97. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1809474115

End Notes

[1] “Divestment Commitments,” Fossil Free: Divestment, accessed April 5, 2021, https://gofossilfree.org/divestment/commitments/
[2] “SU 2.0,” SU 2.0 – Susquehanna University, accessed April 17, 2021, https://www.susqu.edu/about-susquehanna/su-20
[3] Xin Zhang, Xi Chen, and Xiaobo Zhang, “The Impact of Exposure to Air Pollution on Cognitive Performance,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 37 (2018): pp. 9193-9197, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1809474115
[4] Lancet, “The Lancet Commission on Pollution and Health” (The Lancet, October 19, 2017), https://www.thelancet.com/commissions/pollution-and-health
[5] Nicholas Rees, “Danger in the Air - UNICEF” (UNICEF, November 2017), https://www.unicef.org/environment/files/Danger_in_the_Air.pdf
[6] Tim Tim Donaghy and Charlie Jiang, “Fossil Fuel Racism How Phasing Out Oil, Gas, and Coal Can Protect Communities,” April 13, 2021, https://www.greenpeace.org/usa/reports/fossil-fuel-racism/
[7] Ibid.
[8] Tim Tim Donaghy and Charlie Jiang, “Fossil Fuel Racism How Phasing Out Oil, Gas, and Coal Can Protect Communities,” April 13, 2021, https://www.greenpeace.org/usa/reports/fossil-fuel-racism/
[9] Leah Burrows, “Deaths from Fossil Fuel Emissions Higher than Thought,” Harvard Gazette (Harvard Gazette, February 9, 2021), https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2021/02/deaths-from-fossil-fuel-emissions-higher-than-thought/
[10] Adrian Wilson et al., “Coal Blooded Putting Profits Before People,” ed. Monique W. Morris , accessed 2021, https://www.naacp.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/CoalBlooded.pdf
[11] Nathan Bomey, “Exxon Mobil, Pfizer Removed from Dow Jones Industrial Average; Salesforce, Honeywell Added,” USA Today (Gannett Satellite Information Network, August 25, 2020), https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2020/08/25/exxon-pfizer-dow-jones-industrial-average-salesforce-djia/5630916002/
[12] “ExxonMobil Reports Results for Fourth Quarter 2020 and Provides Perspective on Forward Plans,” ExxonMobil, February 2, 2021, https://corporate.exxonmobil.com/News/Newsroom/News-releases/2021/0202_ExxonMobil-reports-results-for-fourth-quarter-2020-and-provides-perspective-on-forward-plans
[13] Daniel Foelber Contributor Daniel Foelber The Motley Fool, “The 5 Worst Energy Stocks of 2020,” Nasdaq, December 11, 2020, https://www.nasdaq.com/articles/the-5-worst-energy-stocks-of-2020-2020-12-11
[14] Christine Shearer et al., “Boom and Bust 2019: Tracking the Global Coal Plant Pipeline,” 2019, https://endcoal.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/BoomAndBust_2019_r6.pdf
[15] Jonathan Ponciano, “Exxon Mobil And Wells Fargo Lost $220 Billion In Market Value This Year–The U.S. Stock Market's Biggest 2020 Losers,” Forbes (Forbes Magazine, January 8, 2021), https://www.forbes.com/sites/jonathanponciano/2020/12/29/worst-stocks-exxonmobil-and-wells-fargo-lost-220-billion-in-market-value/?sh=61da2b675fbc
[16] Matt Egan, “Energy Stocks Are the Biggest Losers of 2019 -- and the Decade,” CNN (Cable News Network, December 29, 2019), https://www.cnn.com/2019/12/18/investing/worst-stocks-oil-energy
[17] Tom Sanzillo, Kathy Hipple, and Clark Williams-Derry, “The Financial Case for Fossil Fuel Divestment,” July 2018, http://ieefa.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Divestment-from-Fossil-Fuels_The-Financial-Case_July-2018.pdf
[18] Ibid.
[19] Ibid.
[20] Simon Evans, “Solar Is Now 'Cheapest Electricity in History', Confirms IEA,” Carbon Brief, October 13, 2020, https://www.carbonbrief.org/solar-is-now-cheapest-electricity-in-history-confirms-iea
[21] Tom Sanzillo, Kathy Hipple, and Clark Williams-Derry, “The Financial Case for Fossil Fuel Divestment,” July 2018, http://ieefa.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Divestment-from-Fossil-Fuels_The-Financial-Case_July-2018.pdf
[22] Damian Carrington, “Fossil Fuel Firms Risk Wasting Billions by Ignoring Climate Change, Says IEA,” The Guardian (Guardian News and Media, July 9, 2015), https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/jul/09/fossil-fuel-firms-risk-billions-ignoring-climate-change-iea
[23] Tom Sanzillo, Kathy Hipple, and Clark Williams-Derry, “The Financial Case for Fossil Fuel Divestment,” July 2018, http://ieefa.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Divestment-from-Fossil-Fuels_The-Financial-Case_July-2018.pdf
[24] “CONNECTICUT SUES EXXON FOR DECADES OF DECEIT REGARDING CLIMATE CHANGE,” CT.gov, September 14, 2020, https://portal.ct.gov/AG/Press-Releases/2020-Press-Releases/CONNECTICUT-SUES-EXXON-FOR-DECADES-OF-DECEIT-REGARDING-CLIMATE-CHANGE
[25] “AG Ellison Sues ExxonMobil, Koch Industries & American Petroleum Institute for Deceiving, Defrauding Minnesotans about Climate Change,” June 24, 2020 | Office of Attorney General Keith Ellison, June 24, 2020, https://www.ag.state.mn.us/Office/Communications/2020/06/24_ExxonKochAPI.asp
[26] “Newsroom,” AG Racine Sues Exxon Mobil, BP, Chevron, and Shell for Misleading Consumers About the Role Fossil Fuels Play in Climate Change, June 25, 2020, https://oag.dc.gov/release/ag-racine-sues-exxon-mobil-bp-chevron-and-shell
[27] “Wolf Administration Awards $2.5 Million Contract To University Of Pittsburgh To Research Health Effects Of Hydraulic Fracturing In Pennsylvania,” Pennsylvania Pressroom, December 22, 2020, https://www.media.pa.gov/pages/health-details.aspx?newsid=1215
[28] Sierra Club, “CAMPUSES BEYOND COAL: THE SIERRA STUDENT COALITION’S CAMPAIGN FOR CLEAN, 21ST-CENTURY ENERGY” (Sierra Club Student Coalition ), accessed March 29, 2021, https://content.sierraclub.org/creative-archive/sites/content.sierraclub.org.creative-archive/files/pdfs/0469-CampusBC_Fact_04_low.pdf