At 16 and 17, young people are still children—emotionally, mentally, and physically vulnerable. Many countries, including Australia, currently set the age of consent at 16. However, growing scientific evidence and real-life stories show that teenagers at this age are not fully equipped to make informed, autonomous decisions about sexual relationships.

Consider Emily’s story. At 16, she entered a relationship with an older adult who seemed caring at first but soon became manipulative and controlling. Because the law allowed such relationships, Emily had little legal protection and felt trapped in a harmful situation that left lasting emotional scars. Sadly, this experience is all too common for many young people.

Research in neuroscience reveals that the human brain—particularly the prefrontal cortex, responsible for judgment, impulse control, and understanding consequences—continues developing well into the early to mid-20s. According to the Australian Institute of Family Studies, teenagers under 18 face a much higher risk of coercion and exploitation in intimate relationships than adults.

Globally, the World Health Organization reports that nearly 15 million girls aged 15 to 19 are forced into sexual activity each year, often.