All Pandemics were found in animal farms and animal markets, they are common ground for more pandemics, the Swine flu was detected in a pig farm in Texas in 1998, the bird flu was detected in a Turkey farm, among other deadly virus such Ebola and Sars, Influenza

We need to avoid future pandemics and protect our communities.Wecan'tpossibly put the people's health at risk, and then create vaccines when we can prevent it.

Viruses (IAVs) are genetically diverse and variable pathogens that share various hosts including human, swine, and domestic poultry. Interspecies and intercontinental viral spreads make the ecology of IAV more complex. Beside endemic IAV infections, human has been exposed to a pandemic and zoonotic threats from avian and swine influenza viruses. Animal health also has been threatened by high pathogenic avian influenza viruses (in domestic poultry) and reverse zoonosis (in swine).

Considering its dynamic interplay between species, prevention, and control against IAV should be conducted effectively in both humans and animal sectors.Influenza A viruses (IAVs) are among the most unpredictable pathogen that threatens human and animal health by continuous evolution through antigenic drift and shifts. While the natural reservoirs of IAVs have been known as aquatic wild birds (order Anseriformes or Charadriiformes), the viruses can spill over to susceptible hosts such as terrestrial birds and mammals including humans. Through complex interactions between viral, host, and environmental factors that determine susceptibility and transmissibility of IAV , the cross-species infection can be either transient or endemic or epidemic or even occasionally pandemic.As per pathotypes in terrestrial birds, avian influenza viruses can be classified into LPAIV and HPAIV. An aquatic wild bird has been known as a reservoir for LPAIV [35] and is much likely to show clinical resistance to HPAIV as well as LPAIV than is domestic poultry, even considering that H5N1 strain represents high morbidity and mortality in wild species [36,37].

In domestic poultry, HPAIVs cause severe disease, with fatality as high as 100%. In recent decades, global highly-pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreaks have been dominated by subtype H5 IAV strains (H5N1, H5N2, H5N6, and H5N8), all of which was derived from A/goose/Guangdong/1/96 (H5N1) [38]. Disease outbreaks of the A/goose/Guangdong/1/96 lineage viruses had been confined to the Asian continent before 2005. However, the viral spreads out of Asia were identified in Africa and Europe in 2005 (clade 2.2) and even in Americas in late 2014 ), which have been suspected of being spread by migratory birds [38,39].