The rich avian life of the Manakudy estuary — especially in the Puthalam, Andivilai, and Swamithoppu salt pans — faces serious harm from current habitat degradation. Migratory species such as greater flamingos (which congregate in large numbers on the shallow, muddy flats) , and small waders like the little stint (a long-distance migrant from the Arctic) depend on undisturbed mudflats, mangroves, and brackish water rich in invertebrate prey. The estuarine wetlands, mangrove patches, and salt pans provide not only feeding grounds but also resting and roosting sites for these birds. However, unsustainable salt-works, pollution, and habitat reclamation threaten their food supply, nesting safety, and very survival.

If the degradation continues, we risk losing a globally significant bird habitat. The disappearance of mudflats and damage to mangroves would dismantle the delicate food web that supports migratory and resident species alike. Iconic visitors like the greater flamingo may decline in number or stop visiting altogether; 

Conversely, if we act now, declaring the area a protected Bird Conservation Area can ensure long-term survival of these species, preserve biodiversity, and maintain the ecosystem services (such as nutrient cycling and carbon sequestration) that the estuary provides.

With the rise in human pressure on salt pans, pollution, and reclamation, the very habitats that sustain these birds are under accelerating threat. The fact that tagged birds from the Arctic are still arriving here underscores the estuary’s global importance — but their presence will not continue without protection. We urgently need formal conservation status, water- and land-use regulation, and a management plan that safeguards both biodiversity and local livelihoods. By acting now, we have the opportunity to secure this vital bird habitat for future generations.