Screening should be mandatory for all women. If a woman is positive for chlamydia (cdc reports prevalence of 2%)  or gonnorhea (cdc reports <1%) then mandate treatment. Forcing all women to obtain unnecessary treatment for newborns is antiquated. Reporting women to Child Protection Services who test negative and refuse treatment is barbaric.

"Newborn eye prophylaxis is also mandated by state law in most U.S. states. In 2006, a search of state law databases found that at least 32 U.S. states had laws requiring newborn prophylaxis against ON (Standler 2006). In these states, health care providers are required to administer the eye ointment in every newborn, regardless of the mother’s chlamydia or gonorrhea status, and regardless of whether or not the baby was born vaginally or by C-section. Some states, such as New York, do not allow parents to exercise their right to informed refusal, and hospital employees in New York will go so far as to call Child Protective Services if the parents do not want the erythromycin ointment.

On the other hand, automatic erythromycin prophylaxis is no longer used in the United Kingdom, Australia, Norway, or Sweden (Darling and McDonald, 2010)."

taken from evidencebasedbirth.com