A Future for Britain: Why We Should Re-join the European Union
A Future for Britain: Why We Should Re-join the European Union
The Issue
A Future for Britain: Why We Should Re-join the European Union
Introduction: A Nation at a Crossroads
Brexit was a gamble that has failed to deliver.
If you take a look at the assembled picture of the situation after Brexit in the UK, you might have the same point of view as mine.
Let’s check the resultants of Brexit:
Economic Impact: Brexit has led to significant changes in trade relations, affecting businesses and the economy.
UK Economy Post-Brexit: The Economic Impact
Trade Barriers and Supply Chain Disruptions: New trade barriers and customs checks have disrupted supply chains and increased costs for businesses.
The Impact of Brexit on Trade and Supply Chains
Northern Ireland Protocol: The Northern Ireland Protocol has created economic and political tensions, affecting the relationship between Northern Ireland and the rest of the UK.
The Northern Ireland Protocol Explained
Regulatory Divergence: The UK’s departure from the EU has led to regulatory divergence, affecting industries and consumers.
o Regulatory Divergence and the Windsor Framework:
https://ukandeu.ac.uk/explainers/regulatory-divergence-and-the-windsor-framework/
o Regulatory Divergence: The Challenge for UK and EU Financial Services Firms: https://www.pershing.com/uk/en/insights/regulatory-divergence.html
o After Brexit: Divergence and the Future of UK Regulatory Policy:
o UK-EU Regulatory Divergence Tracker Q3 2023:
https://ukandeu.ac.uk/reports/uk-eu-regulatory-divergence-tracker-q3-2023/
o Labour Market Challenges:
How Brexit Has Exacerbated Labour Shortages in the UK
o Impact on Immigration and Travel:
How Brexit Changed Immigration and Travel Between the UK and EU
o Political and Social Tensions: Brexit has amplified political and social tensions within the UK and between the UK and EU.
Brexit: Political and Social Impact
The United Kingdom stands at a pivotal moment in its history. The decision to leave the European Union (EU) in 2016 was one of the most consequential choices the country has ever made, with far-reaching effects on the economy, society, and the daily lives of its citizens. As the full impact of Brexit continues to unfold, it is becoming increasingly clear that the path we have chosen may not be leading us to the prosperity and global influence that was promised. Instead, we face growing economic challenges, a rising tide of poverty, and a society strained by division and uncertainty.
This manifesto advocates for a national reconsideration of our place in Europe. We must confront the realities of Brexit with honesty and courage, and consider the benefits that re-joining the EU could bring to our country. The time has come for us to gather our collective will and petition for a return to the European community, where we can rebuild our economy, restore our social fabric, and reclaim our rightful place on the global stage.
The Economic Downturn: A Tale of Two Decades
The Pre-Brexit Economic Landscape
Before Brexit, the UK enjoyed a period of relative economic stability and growth as a member of the European Union. The ten years leading up to the 2016 referendum were marked by increasing GDP, low unemployment rates, and strong international trade relationships. According to data from the Office for National Statistics (ONS), the UK’s GDP grew consistently, with an average annual growth rate of 2.1% from 2006 to 2016. This growth was supported by the UK’s access to the single market, which allowed for the free movement of goods, services, capital, and people across Europe.
During this period, the UK also attracted significant foreign investment, bolstered by its EU membership. Companies viewed the UK as a gateway to the European market, leading to an influx of investment in industries ranging from automotive manufacturing to financial services. This investment not only created jobs but also contributed to the development of new technologies and the growth of the UK’s knowledge economy.
The Post-Brexit Economic Decline
In stark contrast, the economic landscape post-Brexit has been marked by stagnation and decline. Since the UK formally left the EU in January 2020, the economy has faced a series of setbacks. The most significant of these has been the disruption of trade. The reintroduction of tariffs, customs checks, and regulatory barriers has slowed the flow of goods between the UK and its largest trading partner, the EU. According to the Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR), the UK’s trade intensity (trade as a proportion of GDP) has fallen by more than 15% since Brexit, a decline far steeper than that experienced by other advanced economies.
This decline in trade has had a direct impact on businesses, particularly small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), which have struggled to navigate the complexities of new trading arrangements. Many SMEs have reported increased costs and delays, which have eroded their competitiveness in the European market. This, in turn, has led to a reduction in export volumes and a loss of market share.
Moreover, the uncertainty surrounding Brexit and the ongoing negotiations over trade deals have dampened business investment. The Bank of England has estimated that business investment is now 10% lower than it would have been had the UK remained in the EU. This shortfall in investment has long-term implications for productivity and economic growth, as businesses are less likely to invest in new technologies, research and development, and skills training.
Impact on the Cost of Living
The economic challenges brought about by Brexit have also contributed to a significant increase in the cost of living for many UK households. Inflation has risen sharply, driven by higher import costs and supply chain disruptions. Food prices, in particular, have seen substantial increases, with some estimates suggesting that the average household food bill has risen by over 6% since Brexit. The depreciation of the pound following the referendum has also made imported goods more expensive, further squeezing household budgets.
At the same time, wage growth has stagnated, particularly in sectors heavily reliant on EU labour, such as agriculture, hospitality, and social care. The end of free movement has led to labour shortages in these sectors, driving up costs for employers and limiting their ability to offer competitive wages. As a result, many workers have seen their real incomes decline, exacerbating the financial pressures they face.
According to a report by the Resolution Foundation, the combined effects of higher prices and stagnant wages have led to the sharpest decline in living standards in the UK in over a decade. The report estimates that the average household will be £1,000 worse off per year by 2025 as a direct result of Brexit-related economic challenges.
Growing Poverty and Inequality
The economic downturn caused by Brexit has also had a profound impact on poverty levels in the UK. As the cost of living has risen, more households have found themselves struggling to make ends meet. According to the Joseph Rowntree Foundation, the poverty rate in the UK has increased by 2 percentage points since 2016, with nearly 22% of the population now living below the poverty line. This increase has been particularly pronounced in regions that were already economically disadvantaged, such as the North East and the West Midlands.
Brexit has also widened existing inequalities, as those who were already vulnerable have been hardest hit by the economic fallout. For example, low-income households have seen a larger proportion of their income consumed by rising food and energy costs. At the same time, cuts to public services, which were partially justified as a means to offset the economic impact of Brexit, have disproportionately affected those who rely most heavily on these services.
This growing inequality is not just an economic issue but a social one. It has deepened divisions within society and eroded trust in public institutions. The promise that Brexit would lead to greater prosperity and opportunity has not materialized for many, leading to disillusionment and frustration.
The Impact of the Immigration Crisis
Labour Shortages and Economic Consequences
One of the most immediate and tangible impacts of Brexit has been the dramatic reduction in immigration from the EU. The end of free movement has led to a significant decrease in the number of EU nationals coming to the UK to work, particularly in sectors such as agriculture, construction, and hospitality. According to the ONS, net migration from the EU has fallen by more than 80% since the Brexit referendum, leading to acute labour shortages in these critical industries.
These labour shortages have had far-reaching economic consequences. In agriculture, for example, the lack of seasonal workers has led to crops being left unharvested and rotting in the fields, resulting in substantial financial losses for farmers. The National Farmers’ Union (NFU) estimates that the agricultural sector has lost over £120 million in revenue due to labour shortages since Brexit.
In the construction industry, the decline in EU labour has contributed to rising costs and delays in building projects. This has exacerbated the UK’s housing crisis, as the supply of new homes has failed to keep pace with demand. The shortage of skilled workers has also pushed up wages in the construction sector, leading to higher costs for both businesses and consumers.
Social Impacts and Community Tensions
The reduction in immigration has not only affected the economy but also had significant social impacts. Many communities that previously relied on a steady influx of EU workers have experienced depopulation and a decline in social cohesion. In rural areas, where EU nationals often made up a large proportion of the workforce, schools, and local businesses have struggled to survive as the population has dwindled.
Moreover, the immigration crisis has fuelled tensions within society. The debate over immigration was a central issue in the Brexit referendum, and the subsequent reduction in immigration has done little to heal the divisions that the referendum exposed. In some cases, the departure of EU nationals has led to an increase in xenophobic attitudes and a sense of isolation among remaining immigrant communities.
The impact on public services has also been significant. The NHS, for example, has traditionally relied on EU nationals to fill vital roles in nursing, midwifery, and social care. The reduction in EU immigration has exacerbated existing staff shortages, leading to longer waiting times and reduced access to care. The Royal College of Nursing has warned that the NHS is facing a “workforce crisis” due to the loss of EU staff, with potentially serious consequences for patient care.
Public Opinion and Support for Re-joining the EU
Polling Data: A Shift in Public Sentiment
As the negative consequences of Brexit have become more apparent, public opinion in the UK has shifted significantly. A growing number of people now believe that leaving the EU was a mistake and would support re-joining if given the opportunity.
Multiple polls conducted between 2022 and 2024 have consistently shown that a majority of the British public now supports re-joining the EU. For example, a YouGov poll in June 2023 found that 55% of respondents would vote to re-join the EU if a referendum were held today, compared to 45% who would vote to remain outside. Similarly, a poll by Ipsos MORI in early 2024 showed that 58% of respondents believed that Brexit had harmed the UK economy, while only 27% believed it had been beneficial.
Support for re-joining the EU is particularly strong among younger voters, who have been disproportionately affected by the economic fallout of Brexit. According to a survey by the London School of Economics, 72% of 18- to 34-year-olds support re-joining the EU, citing concerns about job opportunities, access to education, and the loss of freedom to live and work across Europe.
A Cross-Party Movement
The shift in public opinion has also been reflected in the political landscape. While the Conservative Party, which led the campaign for Brexit, remains committed to the UK’s current continuation of the earlier response...:
Brexit stance, there has been a noticeable shift within other major political parties. The Labour Party, under Keir Stammer’s leadership, has adopted a more nuanced approach, advocating for closer ties with the EU and leaving the door open to future discussions about re-joining. The Liberal Democrats have been more explicit, calling for the UK to re-enter the single market as a first step towards full EU membership.
Cross-party support for re-joining the EU is also evident in grassroots movements and civil society organizations. Groups like the European Movement UK and Best for Britain have seen a surge in membership and activism, as more people become disillusioned with the consequences of Brexit and seek to reverse the decision. These organizations have been instrumental in keeping the issue of EU membership on the political agenda and mobilizing public opinion in favour of re-joining.
The Case for a Second Referendum
Given the shift in public sentiment and the growing evidence of Brexit’s negative impact, there is a compelling case for holding a second referendum on EU membership. This would give the British people the opportunity to reconsider their decision in light of the facts that have emerged since 2016. It would also provide a democratic mandate for any future government to pursue re-entry negotiations with the EU.
A second referendum is not without its challenges. The political and logistical hurdles are significant, and any campaign to re-join the EU would need to address the concerns of those who still support Brexit. However, the principle of democratic accountability demands that the UK should not be bound indefinitely by a decision made under circumstances that have since changed so dramatically.
Conclusion: A Vision for the Future
Re-joining the European Union offers the UK a pathway to economic recovery, social cohesion, and renewed global influence. By reversing the course set by Brexit, the UK can restore its position as a leading member of the European community, benefiting from the economic advantages of the single market, the social benefits of free movement, and the political influence that comes with being part of a major global bloc.
This manifesto calls on the UK government to take the first steps towards re-joining the EU by initiating a national conversation on the issue, holding a second referendum, and engaging in constructive dialogue with our European partners. The time has come to acknowledge that Brexit has not delivered the benefits that were promised and that the UK’s future lies in cooperation, not isolation.
Together, we can build a stronger, fairer, and more prosperous future for all citizens of the United Kingdom. It is time to reclaim our place in Europe.
References
For this manifesto, numerous sources have been utilized to ensure accurate and up-to-date information. These include economic reports from the Office for National Statistics (ONS), analyses by the Bank of England, public opinion surveys from YouGov and Ipsos MORI, and research reports from the Resolution Foundation, Joseph Rowntree Foundation, and the London School of Economics.
You can find more detailed statistics, poll results, and expert analyses at the following links:
Office for National Statistics (ONS) - GDP Growth Data
Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR) - Post-Brexit Economic Impact Report
Resolution Foundation - Living Standards and Brexit
Joseph Rowntree Foundation - Poverty in the UK
National Farmers’ Union (NFU) - Agriculture Sector Report
Royal College of Nursing - Workforce Crisis Report
YouGov - Public Opinion Polls on Brexit
Ipsos MORI - Brexit Sentiment Survey
London School of Economics - Youth Attitudes Towards Brexit
European Movement UK
https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-36956418
1
The Issue
A Future for Britain: Why We Should Re-join the European Union
Introduction: A Nation at a Crossroads
Brexit was a gamble that has failed to deliver.
If you take a look at the assembled picture of the situation after Brexit in the UK, you might have the same point of view as mine.
Let’s check the resultants of Brexit:
Economic Impact: Brexit has led to significant changes in trade relations, affecting businesses and the economy.
UK Economy Post-Brexit: The Economic Impact
Trade Barriers and Supply Chain Disruptions: New trade barriers and customs checks have disrupted supply chains and increased costs for businesses.
The Impact of Brexit on Trade and Supply Chains
Northern Ireland Protocol: The Northern Ireland Protocol has created economic and political tensions, affecting the relationship between Northern Ireland and the rest of the UK.
The Northern Ireland Protocol Explained
Regulatory Divergence: The UK’s departure from the EU has led to regulatory divergence, affecting industries and consumers.
o Regulatory Divergence and the Windsor Framework:
https://ukandeu.ac.uk/explainers/regulatory-divergence-and-the-windsor-framework/
o Regulatory Divergence: The Challenge for UK and EU Financial Services Firms: https://www.pershing.com/uk/en/insights/regulatory-divergence.html
o After Brexit: Divergence and the Future of UK Regulatory Policy:
o UK-EU Regulatory Divergence Tracker Q3 2023:
https://ukandeu.ac.uk/reports/uk-eu-regulatory-divergence-tracker-q3-2023/
o Labour Market Challenges:
How Brexit Has Exacerbated Labour Shortages in the UK
o Impact on Immigration and Travel:
How Brexit Changed Immigration and Travel Between the UK and EU
o Political and Social Tensions: Brexit has amplified political and social tensions within the UK and between the UK and EU.
Brexit: Political and Social Impact
The United Kingdom stands at a pivotal moment in its history. The decision to leave the European Union (EU) in 2016 was one of the most consequential choices the country has ever made, with far-reaching effects on the economy, society, and the daily lives of its citizens. As the full impact of Brexit continues to unfold, it is becoming increasingly clear that the path we have chosen may not be leading us to the prosperity and global influence that was promised. Instead, we face growing economic challenges, a rising tide of poverty, and a society strained by division and uncertainty.
This manifesto advocates for a national reconsideration of our place in Europe. We must confront the realities of Brexit with honesty and courage, and consider the benefits that re-joining the EU could bring to our country. The time has come for us to gather our collective will and petition for a return to the European community, where we can rebuild our economy, restore our social fabric, and reclaim our rightful place on the global stage.
The Economic Downturn: A Tale of Two Decades
The Pre-Brexit Economic Landscape
Before Brexit, the UK enjoyed a period of relative economic stability and growth as a member of the European Union. The ten years leading up to the 2016 referendum were marked by increasing GDP, low unemployment rates, and strong international trade relationships. According to data from the Office for National Statistics (ONS), the UK’s GDP grew consistently, with an average annual growth rate of 2.1% from 2006 to 2016. This growth was supported by the UK’s access to the single market, which allowed for the free movement of goods, services, capital, and people across Europe.
During this period, the UK also attracted significant foreign investment, bolstered by its EU membership. Companies viewed the UK as a gateway to the European market, leading to an influx of investment in industries ranging from automotive manufacturing to financial services. This investment not only created jobs but also contributed to the development of new technologies and the growth of the UK’s knowledge economy.
The Post-Brexit Economic Decline
In stark contrast, the economic landscape post-Brexit has been marked by stagnation and decline. Since the UK formally left the EU in January 2020, the economy has faced a series of setbacks. The most significant of these has been the disruption of trade. The reintroduction of tariffs, customs checks, and regulatory barriers has slowed the flow of goods between the UK and its largest trading partner, the EU. According to the Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR), the UK’s trade intensity (trade as a proportion of GDP) has fallen by more than 15% since Brexit, a decline far steeper than that experienced by other advanced economies.
This decline in trade has had a direct impact on businesses, particularly small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), which have struggled to navigate the complexities of new trading arrangements. Many SMEs have reported increased costs and delays, which have eroded their competitiveness in the European market. This, in turn, has led to a reduction in export volumes and a loss of market share.
Moreover, the uncertainty surrounding Brexit and the ongoing negotiations over trade deals have dampened business investment. The Bank of England has estimated that business investment is now 10% lower than it would have been had the UK remained in the EU. This shortfall in investment has long-term implications for productivity and economic growth, as businesses are less likely to invest in new technologies, research and development, and skills training.
Impact on the Cost of Living
The economic challenges brought about by Brexit have also contributed to a significant increase in the cost of living for many UK households. Inflation has risen sharply, driven by higher import costs and supply chain disruptions. Food prices, in particular, have seen substantial increases, with some estimates suggesting that the average household food bill has risen by over 6% since Brexit. The depreciation of the pound following the referendum has also made imported goods more expensive, further squeezing household budgets.
At the same time, wage growth has stagnated, particularly in sectors heavily reliant on EU labour, such as agriculture, hospitality, and social care. The end of free movement has led to labour shortages in these sectors, driving up costs for employers and limiting their ability to offer competitive wages. As a result, many workers have seen their real incomes decline, exacerbating the financial pressures they face.
According to a report by the Resolution Foundation, the combined effects of higher prices and stagnant wages have led to the sharpest decline in living standards in the UK in over a decade. The report estimates that the average household will be £1,000 worse off per year by 2025 as a direct result of Brexit-related economic challenges.
Growing Poverty and Inequality
The economic downturn caused by Brexit has also had a profound impact on poverty levels in the UK. As the cost of living has risen, more households have found themselves struggling to make ends meet. According to the Joseph Rowntree Foundation, the poverty rate in the UK has increased by 2 percentage points since 2016, with nearly 22% of the population now living below the poverty line. This increase has been particularly pronounced in regions that were already economically disadvantaged, such as the North East and the West Midlands.
Brexit has also widened existing inequalities, as those who were already vulnerable have been hardest hit by the economic fallout. For example, low-income households have seen a larger proportion of their income consumed by rising food and energy costs. At the same time, cuts to public services, which were partially justified as a means to offset the economic impact of Brexit, have disproportionately affected those who rely most heavily on these services.
This growing inequality is not just an economic issue but a social one. It has deepened divisions within society and eroded trust in public institutions. The promise that Brexit would lead to greater prosperity and opportunity has not materialized for many, leading to disillusionment and frustration.
The Impact of the Immigration Crisis
Labour Shortages and Economic Consequences
One of the most immediate and tangible impacts of Brexit has been the dramatic reduction in immigration from the EU. The end of free movement has led to a significant decrease in the number of EU nationals coming to the UK to work, particularly in sectors such as agriculture, construction, and hospitality. According to the ONS, net migration from the EU has fallen by more than 80% since the Brexit referendum, leading to acute labour shortages in these critical industries.
These labour shortages have had far-reaching economic consequences. In agriculture, for example, the lack of seasonal workers has led to crops being left unharvested and rotting in the fields, resulting in substantial financial losses for farmers. The National Farmers’ Union (NFU) estimates that the agricultural sector has lost over £120 million in revenue due to labour shortages since Brexit.
In the construction industry, the decline in EU labour has contributed to rising costs and delays in building projects. This has exacerbated the UK’s housing crisis, as the supply of new homes has failed to keep pace with demand. The shortage of skilled workers has also pushed up wages in the construction sector, leading to higher costs for both businesses and consumers.
Social Impacts and Community Tensions
The reduction in immigration has not only affected the economy but also had significant social impacts. Many communities that previously relied on a steady influx of EU workers have experienced depopulation and a decline in social cohesion. In rural areas, where EU nationals often made up a large proportion of the workforce, schools, and local businesses have struggled to survive as the population has dwindled.
Moreover, the immigration crisis has fuelled tensions within society. The debate over immigration was a central issue in the Brexit referendum, and the subsequent reduction in immigration has done little to heal the divisions that the referendum exposed. In some cases, the departure of EU nationals has led to an increase in xenophobic attitudes and a sense of isolation among remaining immigrant communities.
The impact on public services has also been significant. The NHS, for example, has traditionally relied on EU nationals to fill vital roles in nursing, midwifery, and social care. The reduction in EU immigration has exacerbated existing staff shortages, leading to longer waiting times and reduced access to care. The Royal College of Nursing has warned that the NHS is facing a “workforce crisis” due to the loss of EU staff, with potentially serious consequences for patient care.
Public Opinion and Support for Re-joining the EU
Polling Data: A Shift in Public Sentiment
As the negative consequences of Brexit have become more apparent, public opinion in the UK has shifted significantly. A growing number of people now believe that leaving the EU was a mistake and would support re-joining if given the opportunity.
Multiple polls conducted between 2022 and 2024 have consistently shown that a majority of the British public now supports re-joining the EU. For example, a YouGov poll in June 2023 found that 55% of respondents would vote to re-join the EU if a referendum were held today, compared to 45% who would vote to remain outside. Similarly, a poll by Ipsos MORI in early 2024 showed that 58% of respondents believed that Brexit had harmed the UK economy, while only 27% believed it had been beneficial.
Support for re-joining the EU is particularly strong among younger voters, who have been disproportionately affected by the economic fallout of Brexit. According to a survey by the London School of Economics, 72% of 18- to 34-year-olds support re-joining the EU, citing concerns about job opportunities, access to education, and the loss of freedom to live and work across Europe.
A Cross-Party Movement
The shift in public opinion has also been reflected in the political landscape. While the Conservative Party, which led the campaign for Brexit, remains committed to the UK’s current continuation of the earlier response...:
Brexit stance, there has been a noticeable shift within other major political parties. The Labour Party, under Keir Stammer’s leadership, has adopted a more nuanced approach, advocating for closer ties with the EU and leaving the door open to future discussions about re-joining. The Liberal Democrats have been more explicit, calling for the UK to re-enter the single market as a first step towards full EU membership.
Cross-party support for re-joining the EU is also evident in grassroots movements and civil society organizations. Groups like the European Movement UK and Best for Britain have seen a surge in membership and activism, as more people become disillusioned with the consequences of Brexit and seek to reverse the decision. These organizations have been instrumental in keeping the issue of EU membership on the political agenda and mobilizing public opinion in favour of re-joining.
The Case for a Second Referendum
Given the shift in public sentiment and the growing evidence of Brexit’s negative impact, there is a compelling case for holding a second referendum on EU membership. This would give the British people the opportunity to reconsider their decision in light of the facts that have emerged since 2016. It would also provide a democratic mandate for any future government to pursue re-entry negotiations with the EU.
A second referendum is not without its challenges. The political and logistical hurdles are significant, and any campaign to re-join the EU would need to address the concerns of those who still support Brexit. However, the principle of democratic accountability demands that the UK should not be bound indefinitely by a decision made under circumstances that have since changed so dramatically.
Conclusion: A Vision for the Future
Re-joining the European Union offers the UK a pathway to economic recovery, social cohesion, and renewed global influence. By reversing the course set by Brexit, the UK can restore its position as a leading member of the European community, benefiting from the economic advantages of the single market, the social benefits of free movement, and the political influence that comes with being part of a major global bloc.
This manifesto calls on the UK government to take the first steps towards re-joining the EU by initiating a national conversation on the issue, holding a second referendum, and engaging in constructive dialogue with our European partners. The time has come to acknowledge that Brexit has not delivered the benefits that were promised and that the UK’s future lies in cooperation, not isolation.
Together, we can build a stronger, fairer, and more prosperous future for all citizens of the United Kingdom. It is time to reclaim our place in Europe.
References
For this manifesto, numerous sources have been utilized to ensure accurate and up-to-date information. These include economic reports from the Office for National Statistics (ONS), analyses by the Bank of England, public opinion surveys from YouGov and Ipsos MORI, and research reports from the Resolution Foundation, Joseph Rowntree Foundation, and the London School of Economics.
You can find more detailed statistics, poll results, and expert analyses at the following links:
Office for National Statistics (ONS) - GDP Growth Data
Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR) - Post-Brexit Economic Impact Report
Resolution Foundation - Living Standards and Brexit
Joseph Rowntree Foundation - Poverty in the UK
National Farmers’ Union (NFU) - Agriculture Sector Report
Royal College of Nursing - Workforce Crisis Report
YouGov - Public Opinion Polls on Brexit
Ipsos MORI - Brexit Sentiment Survey
London School of Economics - Youth Attitudes Towards Brexit
European Movement UK
https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-36956418
1
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Petition created on 18 August 2024