Preventive archaeology is a fundamental tool for safeguarding cultural heritage and ensuring a balance between development and conservation. Its effectiveness depends directly on the quality, stability, and sustainability of the archaeological profession, particularly in field and construction contexts.

In recent years, increasing challenges have been observed in relation to the economic and professional conditions of specialist archaeologists, especially independent professionals. These conditions may affect professional continuity, the transmission of knowledge, and the availability of highly qualified experts, particularly in specialized fields such as prehistoric archaeology.

The training of a specialist requires long-term investment in education, field experience, and continuous professional development. A progressive decline in the economic sustainability of the profession may impact generational renewal and the availability of expertise required for managing complex archaeological contexts.

In light of these considerations, a systemic reflection is needed on the role of archaeologists within heritage protection processes, with particular attention to:

• economic and social sustainability of the profession;
• recognition of the specific demands of fieldwork;
• valorization of specialized expertise;
• balance between administrative procedures and scientific quality;
• continuity and generational renewal.

We therefore invite the Ministry of Culture (Italy) and relevant institutions to promote a technical and institutional dialogue aimed at ensuring adequate conditions for the practice of archaeology, in line with the strategic importance of Italy’s cultural heritage.

Effective heritage protection necessarily requires the protection of those who carry it out.