Demand for a separate state of Sindh in India
Demand for a separate state of Sindh in India
The Issue
From,
Sindhis of India
c/o Mahesh Kumar Malkani
167, Block G, New Alipore,
Kolkata – 700053
To,
The Honourable Prime Minster
New Delhi
Kind Attention: Sri Narendra Modi, Honourable Prime Minister of India
Subject: Demand for a separate State of Sindh
Respected Sir,
This is a letter from the Sindhi Community.
This letter needs the study of the canvas on which the prayer is to be printed. It is about the sad neglect of the community who had been convinced to leave their homeland with the promise of being taken care of in Hindustan.
After the partition of India, the majority of the minority Hindus and Sikhs in Pakistan migrated to India, while the Muslim migrants from India settled down in Pakistan. Approximately 10 million Hindus and Sikhs migrated to India, while nearly an equal number of Muslims migrated to newly- created Pakistan from India. Hindu Sindhis were expected to stay in Sindh following the partition, as there were good relations between Hindu and Muslim Sindhis. At the time of partition there were 1,400,000 Hindu Sindhis, through most were concentrated in cities such as Hyderabad, Karachi, Shikarpur, and Sukur. However, many Sindhi Hindus decided to leave Pakistan.
Problems were further aggravated when incidents of violence broke out in Karachi after partition. According to the census of India 1951, nearly 776,000 Sindhi Hindus were forced to migrate to India to avoid conversion to Islam. Despite this migration of Hindus, a significant Sindhi Hindu population still resides in Pakistan’s s Sindhi province where they numbered around 2.28 million in 1998 and 4.21 million as per the 2017 census of Pakistan, while the Sindhi Hindus in India numbered 2.57 million in 2001. As of 2011 population was around 2.77 million out of which around 1.7 million (17 Lakh) speak Sindhi and around 1 million speaks Kachcchi.
The responsibility of rehabilitating refugees was borne by their respective government Refugee Camps were set up for Hindu Sindhis. Many refugees overcome the trauma of poverty, though the loss of a homeland has had a deeper and lasting effect on their Sindhi culture. In 1967 the Government of India recognized the Sindhi language as fifteenth official language of India in two scripts. In late 2004, the Sindhi Diaspora vociferously opposed a Public Interest Litigation in the Supreme Court of India, which asked the Government of India to delete the Sindh from Indian National Anthem on the grounds that it infringed upon the sovereignty of Pakistan.
We keep reading about this in various online links and regarding the inclusion of the language in the Eighth Schedule too lots of information is available.
It is told that after partition, Sindhi refugees became a linguistic, electoral, and cultural minority in India without a linguistic province to which they could claim belonging. Unlike Punjab, Bengal, and Assam, Sindh was not portioned in 1947. The formation of linguistic provinces in 1956 posed a fresh problem: the making of new linguistic minorities who faced social, political, and economic marginalisation in the new linguistic states. Rita Kothari has described how, after partition, the de-territorialised and dispersed Sindhis sought to use language as the nucleus of their cultural identity. In the absence of a linguistic state, they strove to acquire a “symbolic” Indianness for themselves in seeking official recognition for Sindhi in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution, a list of languages that are eligible for support from the central government. It was not only a cultural elite that had experienced a humiliating fall in social standing who sought to reclaim their status via the Constitution (and for whom state patronage was also important), but poorer refugees who partitioned for constitutional protection for Sindhi as they believed this would strengthen their demands for educational provision in the language in the absence of provincial assistance.
Sindhi Day or Sindhi Language Day is celebrated on 10th April every year. This was on 10th April 1967 when Sindhi Language was included to Eight Schedule of Indian Constitution and since then this day is celebrated as Sindhi Day.
Sindhis have always made their Sindh wherever they have settled by living close to each other and enjoying all festivals together and being beside each other for safety and security. However not having their own state has not helped the language and culture grow in fact there is a risk of it becoming extinct. The language cannot be included in schools as most states have a very small population and the culture is soon becoming a fusion with various state cultures. It is an established fact that no language has ever survived in absence of it being used in running the Government. It is a myth to believe that of Sahitya Academy awards scholarship etc will result in survival of the language. A very deep concern is that Sindhis are increasingly using the language of the region they are living in and thus Sindhi language is slowly dying. The glaring example is non implementation of the reports of Commissioner for linguistic minorities in India, though the reports are being placed in Parliament through President of India. As per the website of the Commission, the last report was published in 2015.After that, even no report has been published. This clearly establishes that there is no concern of the Goverment to look into the status of Sindhi language in India. There is no assessment available in the public domain as to what happened to the glaring lapses recorded in published 52 reports of the Commission . They are bound to do use the language used, so as for their day-to-day survival, in office of Collector, police station, tehsil, court etc. If we look into the historical mirror, we see that people always adopted the language of the ruler.
The Sindhis had the opportunity to establish their educational institutions getting the benefit of linguistic minority community prior to enactment of National Commission Act,1992 and National Commission for Minority Educational Institutions Act,2004. Now, the Sindhis are deprived of establishing their Educational Institutions and Sindhi community has lost the right to education in their mother tongue. The policy of the Government to arrange one period in Sindhi language for the students of class 1 to 12 is neither being implemented in any Government or private schools nor there is any indication of its implementation.
No State in India made any attempt to find out the caste system of Sindhis in their States to give benefits of reservation in government jobs or in other matters as per policy though the caste system existed in Hindu Sindhis in Sindh as per the census of Sindh done in 1931. This injustice can be mitigated if a State is formed for Hindu Sindhis. The government of Sindh will do needful in getting the details of caste of Hindu Sindhis on the basis of records available in government whether in India or Pakistan or anywhere else and make available benefits of reservation policy of India.
Lot of difficulties are being faced by Hindu Sindhis coming from Pakistan to settle in India due to religious persecution because the administration lacks the empathy to Sindhis who are unable to understand the local language of the administration. There is serious gap of language between immigrants and local administration.
There is no scope for a Sindhi to make a place in regional films tv music etc without a separate state. Look at superstar Jeet who is a Sindhi superstar of Bengali films. Bollywood stars Ranvir Singh, Kiara Advani who would have definitely thought of regional Sindh platform if there was a separate state with demand for Sindhi films serials etc. Sindhi singers cannot think of future beyond Sindhi shows and weddings etc. These are a very few basic examples of disadvantages of not having a separate state. The provision in Constitution in Article 29 regarding right to conserve Sindhi language, script and culture is highly lagging behind due to inadequate attention of the State Governments in formation of Sindhi Sahitya Academies and provision of funds. Out of about 36 States and UTs, only 7 Sindhi Sahitya Academies are formed and that too are not working satisfactorily. There is no scope of Sindhis to study and research their historical background of political economic cultural past and take pride in their ancestors. This is causing great injustice to the present generation as they have no knowledge of their great scientist, sculptors, historians, economist, religious leaders and the same situation will prevail for future generation. We fully agree the detail discussion done by the Commission constituted on State reorganization in 1953 in its report of 1955 which are largely relevant for Sindhi community in formation of State for Sindhis.
The hope of Sindhis remains a dream with each political party making promises that are always broken. Yet the Sindhi does not give up and keeps making submissions and prayers and this letter is yet another prayer to fulfil the dream of the Sindhi community of having their own State.
We, the Sindhis of India and abroad are representing the community through this letter and praying for a separate State for the community which has the highest tax prayers, industrialists proving employment, social workers building hospitals homes and schools and colleges. Every Sindhi is living peacefully in whichever state he is born in or settled in but his identity culture language is at the risk of becoming extinct if there is no State to call his own, a State which will speak the Sindhi language which will boast of the rich culture of Sindhis and which will work constantly for the development and growth of the same. The fact remains stat the formation of States in India is based on the language of the majority of people being spoken in that region as per provision in Indian Constitution. We can identify the region where sizeable number of people are speaking Sindhi language. That can be the Sindh for Sindhis and this will help in survival of the language and with this the Sindhi culture will be protected and preserved. We have already got a clear vision and understanding that the State working in Sindhi language will only be able to allow the survival of Sindhi language so we have no other option but to demand the formation of Sindhi state on the basis of Sindhi language. There is a provision in Constitution of India in Articles 2,3 and 4 to constitute a State on the basis of language and culture of particular community. Therefore, there is a humble demand of Sindhi community to form a State for Sindhi Community on the line of formation of linguistics States such as Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Karnataka etc. A parcel of land was granted by ruler of Kutch to Sindhis who migrated from Sindh in post partition period of India. Due to some reason, this land was not utilized as administrative unit as State for Sindhis. This can be considered now for formation of State for Sindhis. The formation of State will solve the long pending grave problems of Sindhi community of preservation of their language, culture, economic development, political aspirations.
The community has finally found a Prime Minister who acknowledge the presence of Sindhis and the community finds a place in his speeches. We have strong faith in the fact that this demand will be looked into and positive steps will be taken in this direction.
Thanks & Regards,
MAHESH KUMAR MALKANI (Kolkata)
ANAND MANWANI (Mumbai)
ASHOK KUMAR TAHLANI (Kolkata)
MAHESH Kr. SANTANI (Guwahati)
KUMAR RAMCHANDANI (Gandhidham)
MURLIDHAR AHUJA (Lucknow)
RAJA RAM (IRPFS 89 Rtd., IG cum PCSC) (RPF South Central Railway Secunderabad Lucknow)
CHARAN KHILANI (Kolkata)
DILIP BHOWNANI (Kolkata)
SHYAM SAINANI (Gandhidham)
NARENDRA BILANDANI (Retired Commissioner, Custom, Gandhidham)
G. D. JAGWANI (Kolkata)
SANGEETA BAPULI, LLB (Kolkata)
ARJUN DAS TANWANI (Kolkata)
KISHORE GRIGLANI (Ahmedabad)
SHARWAN KUMAR (Varanasi)
ATUL RAJPAL (Lucknow)
SATENDRA BHAWNANI (Lucknow)
AMRIT RAJPAL (Ayodhya)
88
The Issue
From,
Sindhis of India
c/o Mahesh Kumar Malkani
167, Block G, New Alipore,
Kolkata – 700053
To,
The Honourable Prime Minster
New Delhi
Kind Attention: Sri Narendra Modi, Honourable Prime Minister of India
Subject: Demand for a separate State of Sindh
Respected Sir,
This is a letter from the Sindhi Community.
This letter needs the study of the canvas on which the prayer is to be printed. It is about the sad neglect of the community who had been convinced to leave their homeland with the promise of being taken care of in Hindustan.
After the partition of India, the majority of the minority Hindus and Sikhs in Pakistan migrated to India, while the Muslim migrants from India settled down in Pakistan. Approximately 10 million Hindus and Sikhs migrated to India, while nearly an equal number of Muslims migrated to newly- created Pakistan from India. Hindu Sindhis were expected to stay in Sindh following the partition, as there were good relations between Hindu and Muslim Sindhis. At the time of partition there were 1,400,000 Hindu Sindhis, through most were concentrated in cities such as Hyderabad, Karachi, Shikarpur, and Sukur. However, many Sindhi Hindus decided to leave Pakistan.
Problems were further aggravated when incidents of violence broke out in Karachi after partition. According to the census of India 1951, nearly 776,000 Sindhi Hindus were forced to migrate to India to avoid conversion to Islam. Despite this migration of Hindus, a significant Sindhi Hindu population still resides in Pakistan’s s Sindhi province where they numbered around 2.28 million in 1998 and 4.21 million as per the 2017 census of Pakistan, while the Sindhi Hindus in India numbered 2.57 million in 2001. As of 2011 population was around 2.77 million out of which around 1.7 million (17 Lakh) speak Sindhi and around 1 million speaks Kachcchi.
The responsibility of rehabilitating refugees was borne by their respective government Refugee Camps were set up for Hindu Sindhis. Many refugees overcome the trauma of poverty, though the loss of a homeland has had a deeper and lasting effect on their Sindhi culture. In 1967 the Government of India recognized the Sindhi language as fifteenth official language of India in two scripts. In late 2004, the Sindhi Diaspora vociferously opposed a Public Interest Litigation in the Supreme Court of India, which asked the Government of India to delete the Sindh from Indian National Anthem on the grounds that it infringed upon the sovereignty of Pakistan.
We keep reading about this in various online links and regarding the inclusion of the language in the Eighth Schedule too lots of information is available.
It is told that after partition, Sindhi refugees became a linguistic, electoral, and cultural minority in India without a linguistic province to which they could claim belonging. Unlike Punjab, Bengal, and Assam, Sindh was not portioned in 1947. The formation of linguistic provinces in 1956 posed a fresh problem: the making of new linguistic minorities who faced social, political, and economic marginalisation in the new linguistic states. Rita Kothari has described how, after partition, the de-territorialised and dispersed Sindhis sought to use language as the nucleus of their cultural identity. In the absence of a linguistic state, they strove to acquire a “symbolic” Indianness for themselves in seeking official recognition for Sindhi in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution, a list of languages that are eligible for support from the central government. It was not only a cultural elite that had experienced a humiliating fall in social standing who sought to reclaim their status via the Constitution (and for whom state patronage was also important), but poorer refugees who partitioned for constitutional protection for Sindhi as they believed this would strengthen their demands for educational provision in the language in the absence of provincial assistance.
Sindhi Day or Sindhi Language Day is celebrated on 10th April every year. This was on 10th April 1967 when Sindhi Language was included to Eight Schedule of Indian Constitution and since then this day is celebrated as Sindhi Day.
Sindhis have always made their Sindh wherever they have settled by living close to each other and enjoying all festivals together and being beside each other for safety and security. However not having their own state has not helped the language and culture grow in fact there is a risk of it becoming extinct. The language cannot be included in schools as most states have a very small population and the culture is soon becoming a fusion with various state cultures. It is an established fact that no language has ever survived in absence of it being used in running the Government. It is a myth to believe that of Sahitya Academy awards scholarship etc will result in survival of the language. A very deep concern is that Sindhis are increasingly using the language of the region they are living in and thus Sindhi language is slowly dying. The glaring example is non implementation of the reports of Commissioner for linguistic minorities in India, though the reports are being placed in Parliament through President of India. As per the website of the Commission, the last report was published in 2015.After that, even no report has been published. This clearly establishes that there is no concern of the Goverment to look into the status of Sindhi language in India. There is no assessment available in the public domain as to what happened to the glaring lapses recorded in published 52 reports of the Commission . They are bound to do use the language used, so as for their day-to-day survival, in office of Collector, police station, tehsil, court etc. If we look into the historical mirror, we see that people always adopted the language of the ruler.
The Sindhis had the opportunity to establish their educational institutions getting the benefit of linguistic minority community prior to enactment of National Commission Act,1992 and National Commission for Minority Educational Institutions Act,2004. Now, the Sindhis are deprived of establishing their Educational Institutions and Sindhi community has lost the right to education in their mother tongue. The policy of the Government to arrange one period in Sindhi language for the students of class 1 to 12 is neither being implemented in any Government or private schools nor there is any indication of its implementation.
No State in India made any attempt to find out the caste system of Sindhis in their States to give benefits of reservation in government jobs or in other matters as per policy though the caste system existed in Hindu Sindhis in Sindh as per the census of Sindh done in 1931. This injustice can be mitigated if a State is formed for Hindu Sindhis. The government of Sindh will do needful in getting the details of caste of Hindu Sindhis on the basis of records available in government whether in India or Pakistan or anywhere else and make available benefits of reservation policy of India.
Lot of difficulties are being faced by Hindu Sindhis coming from Pakistan to settle in India due to religious persecution because the administration lacks the empathy to Sindhis who are unable to understand the local language of the administration. There is serious gap of language between immigrants and local administration.
There is no scope for a Sindhi to make a place in regional films tv music etc without a separate state. Look at superstar Jeet who is a Sindhi superstar of Bengali films. Bollywood stars Ranvir Singh, Kiara Advani who would have definitely thought of regional Sindh platform if there was a separate state with demand for Sindhi films serials etc. Sindhi singers cannot think of future beyond Sindhi shows and weddings etc. These are a very few basic examples of disadvantages of not having a separate state. The provision in Constitution in Article 29 regarding right to conserve Sindhi language, script and culture is highly lagging behind due to inadequate attention of the State Governments in formation of Sindhi Sahitya Academies and provision of funds. Out of about 36 States and UTs, only 7 Sindhi Sahitya Academies are formed and that too are not working satisfactorily. There is no scope of Sindhis to study and research their historical background of political economic cultural past and take pride in their ancestors. This is causing great injustice to the present generation as they have no knowledge of their great scientist, sculptors, historians, economist, religious leaders and the same situation will prevail for future generation. We fully agree the detail discussion done by the Commission constituted on State reorganization in 1953 in its report of 1955 which are largely relevant for Sindhi community in formation of State for Sindhis.
The hope of Sindhis remains a dream with each political party making promises that are always broken. Yet the Sindhi does not give up and keeps making submissions and prayers and this letter is yet another prayer to fulfil the dream of the Sindhi community of having their own State.
We, the Sindhis of India and abroad are representing the community through this letter and praying for a separate State for the community which has the highest tax prayers, industrialists proving employment, social workers building hospitals homes and schools and colleges. Every Sindhi is living peacefully in whichever state he is born in or settled in but his identity culture language is at the risk of becoming extinct if there is no State to call his own, a State which will speak the Sindhi language which will boast of the rich culture of Sindhis and which will work constantly for the development and growth of the same. The fact remains stat the formation of States in India is based on the language of the majority of people being spoken in that region as per provision in Indian Constitution. We can identify the region where sizeable number of people are speaking Sindhi language. That can be the Sindh for Sindhis and this will help in survival of the language and with this the Sindhi culture will be protected and preserved. We have already got a clear vision and understanding that the State working in Sindhi language will only be able to allow the survival of Sindhi language so we have no other option but to demand the formation of Sindhi state on the basis of Sindhi language. There is a provision in Constitution of India in Articles 2,3 and 4 to constitute a State on the basis of language and culture of particular community. Therefore, there is a humble demand of Sindhi community to form a State for Sindhi Community on the line of formation of linguistics States such as Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Karnataka etc. A parcel of land was granted by ruler of Kutch to Sindhis who migrated from Sindh in post partition period of India. Due to some reason, this land was not utilized as administrative unit as State for Sindhis. This can be considered now for formation of State for Sindhis. The formation of State will solve the long pending grave problems of Sindhi community of preservation of their language, culture, economic development, political aspirations.
The community has finally found a Prime Minister who acknowledge the presence of Sindhis and the community finds a place in his speeches. We have strong faith in the fact that this demand will be looked into and positive steps will be taken in this direction.
Thanks & Regards,
MAHESH KUMAR MALKANI (Kolkata)
ANAND MANWANI (Mumbai)
ASHOK KUMAR TAHLANI (Kolkata)
MAHESH Kr. SANTANI (Guwahati)
KUMAR RAMCHANDANI (Gandhidham)
MURLIDHAR AHUJA (Lucknow)
RAJA RAM (IRPFS 89 Rtd., IG cum PCSC) (RPF South Central Railway Secunderabad Lucknow)
CHARAN KHILANI (Kolkata)
DILIP BHOWNANI (Kolkata)
SHYAM SAINANI (Gandhidham)
NARENDRA BILANDANI (Retired Commissioner, Custom, Gandhidham)
G. D. JAGWANI (Kolkata)
SANGEETA BAPULI, LLB (Kolkata)
ARJUN DAS TANWANI (Kolkata)
KISHORE GRIGLANI (Ahmedabad)
SHARWAN KUMAR (Varanasi)
ATUL RAJPAL (Lucknow)
SATENDRA BHAWNANI (Lucknow)
AMRIT RAJPAL (Ayodhya)
88
Petition created on 15 September 2023