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The evolution of Policing in Vitoria and elsewhere has seen the introduction and division of policing function into two distinct genera. Proactive and Reactive.  Prior to the 1980s, reactive policing was the norm.

When proactive policing philosophies were introduced, most police initially treated the proactive philosophy with disdain and distrust, claiming they were being made to go soft on crime; dogged police leadership prevailed. 

Over a remarkably short period, in terms of policing history, the concept most derided became accepted as most thinking Police came to understand its effectiveness.

The definitions of the two theories are simplified by the National Institute of Justice in the United States,

·        Proactive Policing 

The term “proactive policing” encompasses several methods designed to reduce crime through prevention strategies and stands in contrast to conventional “reactive” policing.

·        Reactive Policing

For the most part, it responds to crime that has occurred...