Artificial Light at Night (ALAN) significantly affects birds and insects in several ways:

Birds:
Disrupts Migration: Many bird species use natural light cues from the moon and stars for navigation. ALAN can disorient them, leading to exhaustion, collisions with buildings, or getting lost.

Alters Breeding Patterns: Light pollution can interfere with breeding cycles by triggering early or delayed mating behaviors.

Disrupts Sleep and Feeding Habits: Constant exposure to artificial light can disturb circadian rhythms, leading to stress, reduced foraging efficiency, and increased vulnerability to predators.

Insects:
Attracts and Traps Insects: Many insects, like moths, are drawn to artificial lights, leading to exhaustion, predation, or death by overheating.

Disrupts Pollination: ALAN can interfere with nocturnal pollinators, reducing plant reproduction and disrupting ecosystems.

Alters Development and Behavior: Artificial light can affect insect reproduction, feeding patterns, and survival rates, leading to population declines.