The elk (Cervus canadensis) is one of the largest species within the deer family, Cervidae, in the world, and one of the largest land mammals in North America and Eastern Asia. Elk range in forest and forest-edge habitat, feeding on grasses, plants, leaves, and bark. Male elk have large antlers which are shed each year. Males also engage in ritualized mating behaviors during the rut, including posturing, antler wrestling (sparring), and bugling, a loud series of vocalizations that establishes dominance over other males and attracts females. Although they are native to North America and eastern Asia, they have adapted well to countries in which they have been introduced. Reintroduction of the species in Illinois would be beneficial to the ecosystem, and would spur conservation and habitat building efforts which would also be beneficial to the state. Low densities of elk make the plants more productive and produced a greater diversity of plants. Thus, properly managed elk populations can help land managers promote biodiversity and ecosystem functioning.