The temporomandibular joint or TMJ is like a hinge that connects the jaw to the temporal bones of the skull. This joint makes it possible for us to open our mouths because it enables the jaw to move up, down and sideways. Disorders within this area are known as temporomandibular disorders but it is more commonly called TMJ because of the name of the joint. The presenting signs and symptoms of the patient will guide the doctor in establishing a diagnosis of a TMJ disorder.

Risk Factors

There are several factors that may predispose an individual into having this kind of disorder. Individuals who may possess these factors may be able to do preventive measures to avoid developing the disorder.

Having poor posture in the neck and upper back muscles puts stress to the TMJ. This may lead to straining of the neck and other abnormalities in the functioning of the jaw. Grinding and clenching of the teeth may also put a similar type of stress to the joint.

Injury to the jaw, the joint, or to the muscles of the head and neck resulting from a heavy blow or accident can produce TMJ pain. The presence of chronic inflammatory arthritis also increases the risk for TMJ syndrome because of the inflammation of the joint.

Symptoms

Aside from the pain associated with TMJ disorders, there are other symptoms of this condition. Difficulty in opening of the mouth would be experienced by afflicted individuals along with their jaw being ‘stuck’ or ‘lock’ while they are opening their mouth. There will be clicking popping or grating sounds that can be heard while they are chewing although they will not experience any pain with this. There can also be swelling or a lump on the affected side which is noticeable on the outside.

Other signs that could be present are headaches, blurred vision, shoulder pain, dizziness or vertigo

Diagnosis

A medical history and a physical exam will aid a physician in establishing a diagnosis of TMJ because there is no specific diagnostic tool for this disorder. Referral to an oral and maxillofacial specialist, an otolaryngologist or a dentist who specializes in jaw disorders will be necessary in order to confirm the diagnosis.

It is important to distinguish this condition to trigeminal neuralgia because of the similarity in their signs and symptoms but requires a different course of treatment. An MRI of the temporomandibular joint will be ordered to allow the physician to confirm the diagnosis and assess the extent of the damage to the jaw.