Depression ranges in seriousness from mild, temporary episodes of sadness to severe, persistent depression. Clinical depression is the more-severe form of depression, also known as major depression or major depressive disorder. It isn't the same as depression caused by a loss, such as the death of a loved one, or a medical condition, such as a thyroid disorder.
To diagnose clinical depression, many doctors use the symptom criteria for major depressive disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), published by the American Psychiatric Association.
Signs and symptoms of clinical depression may include:
* Feelings of sadness, tearfulness, emptiness or hopelessness
Angry outbursts, irritability or frustration, even over small matters
* Loss of interest or pleasure in most or all normal activities, such as sex, hobbies or sports
* Sleep disturbances, including insomnia or sleeping too much
* Tiredness and lack of energy, so even small tasks take extra effort
* Reduced appetite and weight loss or increased cravings for food and weight gain
* Anxiety, agitation or restlessness
* Slowed thinking, speaking or body movements
* Feelings of worthlessness or guilt, fixating on past failures or self-blame
* Trouble thinking, concentrating, making decisions and remembering things
* Frequent or recurrent thoughts of death, suicidal thoughts, suicide attempts or suicide
* Unexplained physical problems, such as back pain or headaches
Symptoms are usually severe enough to cause noticeable problems in relationships with others or in day-to-day activities, such as work, school or social activities.
What Are the Signs of Major Depression in Men?
Depression in men is significantly under-reported. Men who suffer from clinical depression are less likely to seek help or even talk about their experience.
Signs of depression in men may include irritability, anger, or drug and alcohol abuse (substance abuse can also be a cause of depression rather than the result of it). Suppressing negative feelings can result in violent behavior directed both inwardly and outwardly. It can also result in an increase in illness, suicide, and homicide.
URL: https://www.webmd.com/depression/guide/major-depression#2
Courtesy of Neville C. Bardoliwalla OBE