

Harvard Law School professor advocating war crimes of sexual slavery?
The Issue
Professor John Mark Ramseyer,
Are you a Harvard Law School professor of the 21st century?
Or a professor of Japanese Imperial university hundred years ago?
ย
Professor Ramseyer's paper, which distorts Japanese war crimes, rationalizes the invasion of neighboring countries as the remarks by Goebbels, the propaganda minister during the Nazi era, and is being used as a megaphone by the Japanese government to take no responsibility for the war of aggression.
ย
The title of Professor John Mark Ramseyer's paper, "Contracting for sex in the Pacific War" is going to be published on March, 2021, on International Review of Law and Economics vol. 65.
ย
According to the professor's thesis, it claims that the women who became "comfort women" for the Japanese military at the time are just said to have entered into a "contract" for mutual benefit.
ย
In particular, he introduced a logic based on "Game Theory" in Economics, arguing that the contract was made because the purposes of the women who made money coincided with the interests of the recruiter and the Japanese military
ย
However, "Game Theory" should not be used to analyze sexual slavery crimes during the war. Game Theory is a tool that analyzes parties' free and reasonable decisions or valid contracts.
ย
Although the Japanese military "comfort women" system is a system of sexual slavery that is enforced coercively and is not permitted under customary international law and cannot be considered a valid contract, applying game theory to this system is an insult to the victims and advocacy for war crimes.
ย
A valid contract must be consistent with the intention and indication of 'expression of will(in legal terms)', and there must be no defects and the content must be legal and have social validity.
ย
The girls' sexual slavery contracts are also invalid in the first place because the contracts resulted from flawed expression of will by deception or compulsion.
ย
Who could agree to be deprived of self-determination voluntarily without deception or compulsion? And who would agree to the contract knowing that freedom of movement will be restricted and chained to the battlefield?
ย
Through the Kono Statement in 1993, the Japanese government has admitted to itself that the recruitment of comfort women was mainly handled by service providers who were requested by the military, but in those cases, many women were also recruited against their will due to sweet-talks or coercion.
ย
The content of the sexual slavery contract itself is illegal because it violates customary international law which prohibits slavery, and is invalid because it has lost its social validity.
ย
According to an investigation by the Japanese government, the comfort women were deprived of personal freedom, forced to move between bases with the military, denied the right of sexual self-determination, and forced to follow the horrible rules. It was also revealed that the sexual and reproductive health of comfort women were treated like possessions to protect soldiers from sexually transmitted diseases.
ย
The treatment of the "comfort women" falls within the ordinary usage of "slavery" and the "slave trade". The women were "deprived of their freedom" and "recruited against their own will". Moreover, some women were purchased and therefore easily fit the classic mould of slavery.
- "Systematic rape, sexual slavery and slavery-like practices during armed conflict" : Final report by Ms. Gay J. McDougall, United Nations Special Rapporteur, United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities, 1998
ย
ย
Ignoring the facts that are clearly revealed to the international community likewise, the comfort women system being analyzed in the framework of the game theory on the premise that girls who were victims of war crimes voluntarily signed a contract to benefit themselves is an advocacy for war crimes of sexual slavery, and an overt insult to the victims.
ย
Who would dare to say that under the slave trade, slaves voluntarily entered into valid slave contracts in their interests with the slave trader?
ย
We criticize the anti-human study that stems from Professor Ramseyer's ignorance or intentional acquiescence.
ย
We call on Professor Ramseyer, who has been a puppet of Japanese government, to reflect on and withdraw himself of his study that denies Japanese history of aggression and doing harm.
ย
We request the International Review of Law and Economics to withdraw the publication of Professor Ramseyer's thesis.
ย
We call on the Dean of Harvard Law School and the President of Harvard University to take disciplinary action on Professor Ramseyer who defames Harvard Law School by violating ethics and conscience as a scholar.
โป โComfort Womenโ Still Suffering
http://maywespeak.com/comfort-women-still-suffering/
http://maywespeak.com/sexual-violence-japan/
โป Seeking the True Story of the Comfort Women
https://www.newyorker.com/culture/annals-of-inquiry/seeking-the-true-story-of-the-comfort-women-j-mark-ramseyer
โป On โComfort Womenโ and Academic Freedom: A Rebuttal
https://thediplomat.com/2021/02/on-comfort-women-and-academic-freedom-a-rebutta
โป Comfort women: Japan again provokes anger in Korea
https://www.korea.net/NewsFocus/Column/view?articleId=195001&pageIndex=1
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(ํ๊ตญ์ด)
ย
์ฑ ๋ ธ์ ์ ์ ๋ฒ์ฃ๋ฅผ ์นํธํ๋ ํ๋ฒ๋ ๋ก์ค์ฟจ ๊ต์?
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์กด ๋งํฌ ๋จ์ง์ด ์จ
๋น์ ์ 21์ธ๊ธฐ ํ๋ฒ๋๋ ๋ก์ค์ฟจ ๊ต์์ธ๊ฐ์?
์๋๋ฉด 100๋ ์ ์ผ๋ณธ์ ๊ตญ์ ๋ํ ๊ต์์ธ๊ฐ์?
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์ผ๋ณธ์ ์ ์๋ฒ์ฃ๋ฅผ ์๊ณกํ๋ ๋จ์ง์ด ์จ์ ๋ ผ๋ฌธ์ ๋ ์ผ ๋์น์์ ์ ์ ์ฅ๊ด ๊ดด๋ฒจ์ค์ ๋ฐ์ธ์ฒ๋ผ ์ฃผ๋ณ ๋๋ผ๋ค์ ์นจ๋ตํ ๊ฒ์ ํฉ๋ฆฌํํ๊ณ ์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์นจ๋ต ์ ์์ ๋ํ ์ฑ ์์ ์ง์ง ์์ผ๋ ค๋ ์ผ๋ณธ ์ ๋ถ์ ํ์ฑ๊ธฐ๋ก ํ์ฉ๋๊ณ ์์ต๋๋ค.
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์กด ๋งํฌ ๋จ์ง์ด ํ๋ฒ๋๋ ๊ต์์ ๋ ผ๋ฌธ ์ ๋ชฉ์ โํํ์์ ์ ๋น์ ์ฑ(ๆง)๊ณ์ฝโ(Contracting for sex in the Pacific War)์ผ๋ก โ์ธํฐ๋ด์ ๋ ๋ฆฌ๋ทฐ ์ค๋ธ ๋ก ์ค๋ ์ด์ฝ๋ ธ๋ฏน์คโ(International Review of Law and Economics) ์ 65๊ถ์ 2021๋ 3์ ์ถ๊ฐ๋ ์์ ์ ๋๋ค.
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๋ ผ๋ฌธ์์ ๋จ์ง์ด ๊ต์๊ฐ ์ฃผ์ฅํ ๋ด์ฉ์ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ๋น์ ์ผ๋ณธ๊ตฐ โ์์๋ถโ๊ฐ ๋ ์ฌ์ฑ๋ค์ ์๋ก์ ์ด์ต์ ์ํด '๊ณ์ฝ'์ ๋งบ์ ๊ฒ๋ฟ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ์ฃผ์ฅํ๊ณ ์์ต๋๋ค.
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ํนํ ๊ทธ๋ ๊ฒฝ์ ํ์์ ๋งํ๋ '๊ฒ์์ด๋ก (Game Theory)'์ ์ ๊ฐํ ๋ ผ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋์ ํ๊ณ , ๋์ ๋ฒ๋ ์ฌ์ฑ์ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ๋ชจ์ง์ ์์ ์ผ๋ณธ๊ตฐ์ ์ดํด๊ด๊ณ์ ์ผ์นํ๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์ ๊ณ์ฝ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์ด์ก๋ค๊ณ ์ฃผ์ฅํฉ๋๋ค.
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ํ์ง๋ง '๊ฒ์์ด๋ก '์ ์ ์ ๋น์ ์ฑ๋ ธ์ ๋ฒ์ฃ๋ฅผ ๋ถ์ํ๋๋ฐ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ์๋ ์ ๋ฉ๋๋ค. ๊ฒ์์ด๋ก ์ ๋น์ฌ์์ ์์ ๋กญ๊ณ ํฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์์ฌ๊ฒฐ์ ๋ด์ง ์ ํจํ ๊ณ์ฝ์ ๋ถ์ํ๋ ๋๊ตฌ์ ๋๋ค.
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์ผ๋ณธ๊ตฐ โ์์๋ถโ ์ ๋๋ ๊ฐ์์ ์ผ๋ก ์ํ๋๊ณ ๊ตญ์ ๊ด์ต๋ฒ ์ ํ์ฉ๋์ง ์๋ ์ฑ๋ ธ์ ์ ๋์ด๋ฉฐ ์ ํจํ ๊ณ์ฝ์ผ๋ก ๋ณผ ์ ์์์๋, ์ด ์ ๋์ ๊ฒ์์ด๋ก ์ ์ ์ฉํ๋ ๊ฒ์ ํผํด์์ ๋ํ ๋ชจ์์ด์ ์ ์๋ฒ์ฃ์ ๋ํ ์นํธ์ ๋๋ค.
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์ ํจํ ๊ณ์ฝ์ด๋ ์์ฌํ์์ ์์ฌ์ ํ์๊ฐ ์ผ์นํ๊ณ ํ์๊ฐ ์์ด์ผ ํ๋ฉฐ, ๋ด์ฉ์ด ์ ๋ฒํ๊ณ ์ฌํ์ ํ๋น์ฑ์ด ์์ด์ผ ํฉ๋๋ค.
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์๋ ๋ค์ ์ฑ๋ ธ์ ๊ณ์ฝ ๋ํ ๊ธฐ๋ง์ด๋ ๊ฐ๋ฐ์ ์ํ ํ์์๋ ์์ฌํ์์ ๊ธฐํ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ์ ์ด์ ๋ฌดํจ์ ๋๋ค.
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๋๊ฐ ๊ณผ์ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ง์ด๋ ๊ฐ๋ฐ ์์ด ์๋ฐ์ ์ผ๋ก ์๊ธฐ๊ฒฐ์ ๊ถ์ ๋ฐํ๋นํ๊ณ , ์ด๋์ ์์ ๊ฐ ์ ํ๋ ์ฑ ์ ์ํฐ์ ๊ตฌ์๋นํ ๊ฒ์ ์๊ณ ๋ ํด๋น ๊ณ์ฝ์ ๋์ํ ์ ์์๊น์?
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๊ณ ๋ ธ๋ดํ๋ฅผ ํตํด์ ์ผ๋ณธ ์ ๋ถ๋ ์์๋ถ ๋ชจ์ง์ ๋ํด์๋ ๊ตฐ์ ์์ฒญ์ ๋ฐ์ ์ ์๊ฐ ์ฃผ๋ก ๋ด๋นํ์์ผ๋ ๊ทธ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ๋ ๊ฐ์ธ์ด๋ ๊ฐ์ ๋ฑ์ ์ํ, ๋ณธ์ธ๋ค์ ์์ฌ์ ๋ฐํ์ฌ ๋ชจ์ง๋ ์ฌ๋ก๊ฐ ๋ง์์ ์ค์ค๋ก ์์ธํ ๋ฐ ์์ต๋๋ค.
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์ฑ๋ ธ์ ๊ณ์ฝ ๋ด์ฉ ์์ฒด๋ ๋ ธ์์ ๋๋ฅผ ๊ธ์งํ๋ ๊ตญ์ ๊ด์ต๋ฒ ์๋ฐ์ผ๋ก ์๋ฒํ๋ฉฐ, ์ฌํ์ ํ๋น์ฑ์ ์์ด ๋ฌดํจ์ ๋๋ค.
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์ผ๋ณธ ์ ๋ถ์ ์กฐ์ฌ์ ๋ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ์์๋ถ๋ค์ ์ธ๊ฒฉ์ ์์ ๋ฅผ ๋ฐํ๋นํ๊ณ , ๊ตฐ๋์ ํจ๊ป ๊ตฐ ๊ธฐ์ง ์ฌ์ด ์ด๋์ ๊ฐ์ ๋นํ๊ณ , ์ฑ์ ์๊ธฐ๊ฒฐ์ ๊ถ์ ๋ถ์ ๋นํ์ผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฌด์๋ฌด์ํ ๊ท์น์ ๋ฐ๋ฅด๋๋ก ๊ฐ์ ๋นํ์ต๋๋ค. ๋ํ ์์๋ถ๋ค์ ์ฑ๊ณผ ์์์ ๊ดํ ๊ฑด๊ฐ์ด ์ฅ๋ณ๋ค์ ์ฑ๋ณ์ผ๋ก๋ถํฐ ์งํค๊ธฐ ์ํด ์์ ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ด ์ทจ๊ธ๋นํ์์ด ๋ฐํ์ก์ต๋๋ค.
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โ์์๋ถโ์ ์ฒ์ฐ๋ โ๋ ธ์์ โ์ โ๋ ธ์๋ฌด์ญโ์ด๋ผ๋ ๋ง์ ํต์์ ์ธ ์ฉ๋ฒ ์์ ๋ค์ด๊ฐ๋ค. โ์์๋ถโ ์ฌ์ฑ๋ค์ โ์์ ๋ฅผ ๋ฐํ๋นํ๊ณ โ, โ์์ ์ ์์ฌ์ ๋ฐํ์ฌ ๋ชจ์งโ๋์๋ค. ๋์๊ฐ ์ผ๋ถ ์ฌ์ฑ๋ค์ ๋งค์ ๋์๊ณ , ๋ฐ๋ผ์ ๊ณ ์ ์ ์ธ ๋ ธ์์ ์ ํ์ ์ฝ๊ฒ ๋ค์ด๋ง๋๋ค.
- ์ ์ํ ์กฐ์ง์ ๊ฐ๊ฐ, ์ฑ๋ ธ์์ ๋ฐ ๊ทธ์ ์ ์ฌํ ๊ดํ - ๋งฅ๋๊ฑธ ์ ์ ์ธ๊ถ ์์์ํ ํน๋ณ๋ณด๊ณ ๊ด ๋ณด๊ณ ์(1998)
ย
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์ด์ ๊ฐ์ด ๊ตญ์ ์ฌํ์ ๋ช ๋ฐฑํ ๋ฐํ์ง ์ฌ์ค์ ๋ฌด์ํ๊ณ , ์์๋ถ ์ ๋๋ฅผ ์ ์๋ฒ์ฃ ํผํด์ ์๋ ๋ค์ด ์๋ฐ์ ์์ฌ๋ก ์๊ธฐ์๊ฒ ์ด์ต์ด ๋๋ '๊ณ์ฝ'์ ๋งบ์์์ ์ ์ ๋ก ๊ฒ์์ด๋ก ์ ํ๋ก ๋ถ์ํ ๊ฒ์ ์ฑ๋ ธ์ ์ ์ ๋ฒ์ฃ์ ๋ํ ์นํธ์ด๋ฉฐ ํผํด์์ ๋ํ ๋ช ๋ฐฑํ ๋ชจ์ํ์์ ๋๋ค.
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๊ณผ์ฐ ๋๊ฐ ๋ ธ์๋ฌด์ญ ํ์์ ๋ ธ์๊ฐ ๋ ธ์์์ธ๊ณผ ์๋ฐ์ ์ผ๋ก ์์ ์๊ฒ ์ด์ต์ด ๋๋ ์ ํจํ ๋ ธ์๊ณ์ฝ์ ์ฒด๊ฒฐํ์๋ค๊ณ ๊ฐํ ๋งํ ์ ์์๊น์?
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์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ๋จ์ง์ด ๊ต์์ ๋ฌด์ง์์ ๋น๋กฏ๋์๊ฑฐ๋ ์๋์ ์ธ ๋ฌต์ธ์์ ๋น๋กฏํ ๋ฐ์ธ๊ถ์ ์ธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋นํํฉ๋๋ค.
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์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ๋จ์ง์ด ๊ต์๊ฐ ์ผ๋ณธ ์ ๋ถ์ ๊ผญ๋๊ฐ์๊ฐ ๋์ด ์ผ๋ณธ์ ์นจ๋ต๊ณผ ๊ฐํด ์ญ์ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถ์ ํ๋ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ ๊ฒ์ ๋ฐ์ฑํ๊ณ ์ค์ค๋ก ์ฒ ํํ ๊ฒ์ ์๊ตฌํฉ๋๋ค.
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์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ โ์ธํฐ๋ด์ ๋ ๋ฆฌ๋ทฐ ์ค๋ธ ๋ก ์ค๋ ์ด์ฝ๋ ธ๋ฏน์คโ(International Review of Law and Economics)๊ฐ ๋จ์ง์ด ๊ต์์ ๋ ผ๋ฌธ ๊ฒ์ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฒ ํํ ๊ฒ์ ์๊ตฌํฉ๋๋ค.
ย
์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ํ๋ฒ๋ ๋ํ ๋ก์ค์ฟจ ํ์ฅ๊ณผ ํ๋ฒ๋ ๋ํ ์ด์ฅ์ ํ์๋ก์ ์ค๋ฆฌ์ ์์ฌ์ ์ ๋ฒ๋ฆผ์ผ๋ก์ ํ๋ฒ๋ ๋ก์ค์ฟจ ๋ช ์๋ฅผ ํผ์ํ๋ ๋จ์ง์ด ๊ต์๋ฅผ ์ง๊ณํ ๊ฒ์ ์๊ตฌํฉ๋๋ค.
โป โComfort Womenโ Still Suffering
http://maywespeak.com/comfort-women-still-suffering/
http://maywespeak.com/sexual-violence-japan/
โป Seeking the True Story of the Comfort Women
https://www.newyorker.com/culture/annals-of-inquiry/seeking-the-true-story-of-the-comfort-women-j-mark-ramseyer
โป On โComfort Womenโ and Academic Freedom: A Rebuttal
https://thediplomat.com/2021/02/on-comfort-women-and-academic-freedom-a-rebutta
โป Comfort women: Japan again provokes anger in Korea
https://www.korea.net/NewsFocus/Column/view?articleId=195001&pageIndex=1

31,905
The Issue
Professor John Mark Ramseyer,
Are you a Harvard Law School professor of the 21st century?
Or a professor of Japanese Imperial university hundred years ago?
ย
Professor Ramseyer's paper, which distorts Japanese war crimes, rationalizes the invasion of neighboring countries as the remarks by Goebbels, the propaganda minister during the Nazi era, and is being used as a megaphone by the Japanese government to take no responsibility for the war of aggression.
ย
The title of Professor John Mark Ramseyer's paper, "Contracting for sex in the Pacific War" is going to be published on March, 2021, on International Review of Law and Economics vol. 65.
ย
According to the professor's thesis, it claims that the women who became "comfort women" for the Japanese military at the time are just said to have entered into a "contract" for mutual benefit.
ย
In particular, he introduced a logic based on "Game Theory" in Economics, arguing that the contract was made because the purposes of the women who made money coincided with the interests of the recruiter and the Japanese military
ย
However, "Game Theory" should not be used to analyze sexual slavery crimes during the war. Game Theory is a tool that analyzes parties' free and reasonable decisions or valid contracts.
ย
Although the Japanese military "comfort women" system is a system of sexual slavery that is enforced coercively and is not permitted under customary international law and cannot be considered a valid contract, applying game theory to this system is an insult to the victims and advocacy for war crimes.
ย
A valid contract must be consistent with the intention and indication of 'expression of will(in legal terms)', and there must be no defects and the content must be legal and have social validity.
ย
The girls' sexual slavery contracts are also invalid in the first place because the contracts resulted from flawed expression of will by deception or compulsion.
ย
Who could agree to be deprived of self-determination voluntarily without deception or compulsion? And who would agree to the contract knowing that freedom of movement will be restricted and chained to the battlefield?
ย
Through the Kono Statement in 1993, the Japanese government has admitted to itself that the recruitment of comfort women was mainly handled by service providers who were requested by the military, but in those cases, many women were also recruited against their will due to sweet-talks or coercion.
ย
The content of the sexual slavery contract itself is illegal because it violates customary international law which prohibits slavery, and is invalid because it has lost its social validity.
ย
According to an investigation by the Japanese government, the comfort women were deprived of personal freedom, forced to move between bases with the military, denied the right of sexual self-determination, and forced to follow the horrible rules. It was also revealed that the sexual and reproductive health of comfort women were treated like possessions to protect soldiers from sexually transmitted diseases.
ย
The treatment of the "comfort women" falls within the ordinary usage of "slavery" and the "slave trade". The women were "deprived of their freedom" and "recruited against their own will". Moreover, some women were purchased and therefore easily fit the classic mould of slavery.
- "Systematic rape, sexual slavery and slavery-like practices during armed conflict" : Final report by Ms. Gay J. McDougall, United Nations Special Rapporteur, United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities, 1998
ย
ย
Ignoring the facts that are clearly revealed to the international community likewise, the comfort women system being analyzed in the framework of the game theory on the premise that girls who were victims of war crimes voluntarily signed a contract to benefit themselves is an advocacy for war crimes of sexual slavery, and an overt insult to the victims.
ย
Who would dare to say that under the slave trade, slaves voluntarily entered into valid slave contracts in their interests with the slave trader?
ย
We criticize the anti-human study that stems from Professor Ramseyer's ignorance or intentional acquiescence.
ย
We call on Professor Ramseyer, who has been a puppet of Japanese government, to reflect on and withdraw himself of his study that denies Japanese history of aggression and doing harm.
ย
We request the International Review of Law and Economics to withdraw the publication of Professor Ramseyer's thesis.
ย
We call on the Dean of Harvard Law School and the President of Harvard University to take disciplinary action on Professor Ramseyer who defames Harvard Law School by violating ethics and conscience as a scholar.
โป โComfort Womenโ Still Suffering
http://maywespeak.com/comfort-women-still-suffering/
http://maywespeak.com/sexual-violence-japan/
โป Seeking the True Story of the Comfort Women
https://www.newyorker.com/culture/annals-of-inquiry/seeking-the-true-story-of-the-comfort-women-j-mark-ramseyer
โป On โComfort Womenโ and Academic Freedom: A Rebuttal
https://thediplomat.com/2021/02/on-comfort-women-and-academic-freedom-a-rebutta
โป Comfort women: Japan again provokes anger in Korea
https://www.korea.net/NewsFocus/Column/view?articleId=195001&pageIndex=1
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(ํ๊ตญ์ด)
ย
์ฑ ๋ ธ์ ์ ์ ๋ฒ์ฃ๋ฅผ ์นํธํ๋ ํ๋ฒ๋ ๋ก์ค์ฟจ ๊ต์?
ย
์กด ๋งํฌ ๋จ์ง์ด ์จ
๋น์ ์ 21์ธ๊ธฐ ํ๋ฒ๋๋ ๋ก์ค์ฟจ ๊ต์์ธ๊ฐ์?
์๋๋ฉด 100๋ ์ ์ผ๋ณธ์ ๊ตญ์ ๋ํ ๊ต์์ธ๊ฐ์?
ย
์ผ๋ณธ์ ์ ์๋ฒ์ฃ๋ฅผ ์๊ณกํ๋ ๋จ์ง์ด ์จ์ ๋ ผ๋ฌธ์ ๋ ์ผ ๋์น์์ ์ ์ ์ฅ๊ด ๊ดด๋ฒจ์ค์ ๋ฐ์ธ์ฒ๋ผ ์ฃผ๋ณ ๋๋ผ๋ค์ ์นจ๋ตํ ๊ฒ์ ํฉ๋ฆฌํํ๊ณ ์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์นจ๋ต ์ ์์ ๋ํ ์ฑ ์์ ์ง์ง ์์ผ๋ ค๋ ์ผ๋ณธ ์ ๋ถ์ ํ์ฑ๊ธฐ๋ก ํ์ฉ๋๊ณ ์์ต๋๋ค.
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์กด ๋งํฌ ๋จ์ง์ด ํ๋ฒ๋๋ ๊ต์์ ๋ ผ๋ฌธ ์ ๋ชฉ์ โํํ์์ ์ ๋น์ ์ฑ(ๆง)๊ณ์ฝโ(Contracting for sex in the Pacific War)์ผ๋ก โ์ธํฐ๋ด์ ๋ ๋ฆฌ๋ทฐ ์ค๋ธ ๋ก ์ค๋ ์ด์ฝ๋ ธ๋ฏน์คโ(International Review of Law and Economics) ์ 65๊ถ์ 2021๋ 3์ ์ถ๊ฐ๋ ์์ ์ ๋๋ค.
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๋ ผ๋ฌธ์์ ๋จ์ง์ด ๊ต์๊ฐ ์ฃผ์ฅํ ๋ด์ฉ์ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ๋น์ ์ผ๋ณธ๊ตฐ โ์์๋ถโ๊ฐ ๋ ์ฌ์ฑ๋ค์ ์๋ก์ ์ด์ต์ ์ํด '๊ณ์ฝ'์ ๋งบ์ ๊ฒ๋ฟ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ์ฃผ์ฅํ๊ณ ์์ต๋๋ค.
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ํนํ ๊ทธ๋ ๊ฒฝ์ ํ์์ ๋งํ๋ '๊ฒ์์ด๋ก (Game Theory)'์ ์ ๊ฐํ ๋ ผ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋์ ํ๊ณ , ๋์ ๋ฒ๋ ์ฌ์ฑ์ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ๋ชจ์ง์ ์์ ์ผ๋ณธ๊ตฐ์ ์ดํด๊ด๊ณ์ ์ผ์นํ๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์ ๊ณ์ฝ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์ด์ก๋ค๊ณ ์ฃผ์ฅํฉ๋๋ค.
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ํ์ง๋ง '๊ฒ์์ด๋ก '์ ์ ์ ๋น์ ์ฑ๋ ธ์ ๋ฒ์ฃ๋ฅผ ๋ถ์ํ๋๋ฐ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ์๋ ์ ๋ฉ๋๋ค. ๊ฒ์์ด๋ก ์ ๋น์ฌ์์ ์์ ๋กญ๊ณ ํฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์์ฌ๊ฒฐ์ ๋ด์ง ์ ํจํ ๊ณ์ฝ์ ๋ถ์ํ๋ ๋๊ตฌ์ ๋๋ค.
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์ผ๋ณธ๊ตฐ โ์์๋ถโ ์ ๋๋ ๊ฐ์์ ์ผ๋ก ์ํ๋๊ณ ๊ตญ์ ๊ด์ต๋ฒ ์ ํ์ฉ๋์ง ์๋ ์ฑ๋ ธ์ ์ ๋์ด๋ฉฐ ์ ํจํ ๊ณ์ฝ์ผ๋ก ๋ณผ ์ ์์์๋, ์ด ์ ๋์ ๊ฒ์์ด๋ก ์ ์ ์ฉํ๋ ๊ฒ์ ํผํด์์ ๋ํ ๋ชจ์์ด์ ์ ์๋ฒ์ฃ์ ๋ํ ์นํธ์ ๋๋ค.
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์ ํจํ ๊ณ์ฝ์ด๋ ์์ฌํ์์ ์์ฌ์ ํ์๊ฐ ์ผ์นํ๊ณ ํ์๊ฐ ์์ด์ผ ํ๋ฉฐ, ๋ด์ฉ์ด ์ ๋ฒํ๊ณ ์ฌํ์ ํ๋น์ฑ์ด ์์ด์ผ ํฉ๋๋ค.
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์๋ ๋ค์ ์ฑ๋ ธ์ ๊ณ์ฝ ๋ํ ๊ธฐ๋ง์ด๋ ๊ฐ๋ฐ์ ์ํ ํ์์๋ ์์ฌํ์์ ๊ธฐํ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ์ ์ด์ ๋ฌดํจ์ ๋๋ค.
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๋๊ฐ ๊ณผ์ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ง์ด๋ ๊ฐ๋ฐ ์์ด ์๋ฐ์ ์ผ๋ก ์๊ธฐ๊ฒฐ์ ๊ถ์ ๋ฐํ๋นํ๊ณ , ์ด๋์ ์์ ๊ฐ ์ ํ๋ ์ฑ ์ ์ํฐ์ ๊ตฌ์๋นํ ๊ฒ์ ์๊ณ ๋ ํด๋น ๊ณ์ฝ์ ๋์ํ ์ ์์๊น์?
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๊ณ ๋ ธ๋ดํ๋ฅผ ํตํด์ ์ผ๋ณธ ์ ๋ถ๋ ์์๋ถ ๋ชจ์ง์ ๋ํด์๋ ๊ตฐ์ ์์ฒญ์ ๋ฐ์ ์ ์๊ฐ ์ฃผ๋ก ๋ด๋นํ์์ผ๋ ๊ทธ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ๋ ๊ฐ์ธ์ด๋ ๊ฐ์ ๋ฑ์ ์ํ, ๋ณธ์ธ๋ค์ ์์ฌ์ ๋ฐํ์ฌ ๋ชจ์ง๋ ์ฌ๋ก๊ฐ ๋ง์์ ์ค์ค๋ก ์์ธํ ๋ฐ ์์ต๋๋ค.
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์ฑ๋ ธ์ ๊ณ์ฝ ๋ด์ฉ ์์ฒด๋ ๋ ธ์์ ๋๋ฅผ ๊ธ์งํ๋ ๊ตญ์ ๊ด์ต๋ฒ ์๋ฐ์ผ๋ก ์๋ฒํ๋ฉฐ, ์ฌํ์ ํ๋น์ฑ์ ์์ด ๋ฌดํจ์ ๋๋ค.
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์ผ๋ณธ ์ ๋ถ์ ์กฐ์ฌ์ ๋ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ์์๋ถ๋ค์ ์ธ๊ฒฉ์ ์์ ๋ฅผ ๋ฐํ๋นํ๊ณ , ๊ตฐ๋์ ํจ๊ป ๊ตฐ ๊ธฐ์ง ์ฌ์ด ์ด๋์ ๊ฐ์ ๋นํ๊ณ , ์ฑ์ ์๊ธฐ๊ฒฐ์ ๊ถ์ ๋ถ์ ๋นํ์ผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฌด์๋ฌด์ํ ๊ท์น์ ๋ฐ๋ฅด๋๋ก ๊ฐ์ ๋นํ์ต๋๋ค. ๋ํ ์์๋ถ๋ค์ ์ฑ๊ณผ ์์์ ๊ดํ ๊ฑด๊ฐ์ด ์ฅ๋ณ๋ค์ ์ฑ๋ณ์ผ๋ก๋ถํฐ ์งํค๊ธฐ ์ํด ์์ ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ด ์ทจ๊ธ๋นํ์์ด ๋ฐํ์ก์ต๋๋ค.
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โ์์๋ถโ์ ์ฒ์ฐ๋ โ๋ ธ์์ โ์ โ๋ ธ์๋ฌด์ญโ์ด๋ผ๋ ๋ง์ ํต์์ ์ธ ์ฉ๋ฒ ์์ ๋ค์ด๊ฐ๋ค. โ์์๋ถโ ์ฌ์ฑ๋ค์ โ์์ ๋ฅผ ๋ฐํ๋นํ๊ณ โ, โ์์ ์ ์์ฌ์ ๋ฐํ์ฌ ๋ชจ์งโ๋์๋ค. ๋์๊ฐ ์ผ๋ถ ์ฌ์ฑ๋ค์ ๋งค์ ๋์๊ณ , ๋ฐ๋ผ์ ๊ณ ์ ์ ์ธ ๋ ธ์์ ์ ํ์ ์ฝ๊ฒ ๋ค์ด๋ง๋๋ค.
- ์ ์ํ ์กฐ์ง์ ๊ฐ๊ฐ, ์ฑ๋ ธ์์ ๋ฐ ๊ทธ์ ์ ์ฌํ ๊ดํ - ๋งฅ๋๊ฑธ ์ ์ ์ธ๊ถ ์์์ํ ํน๋ณ๋ณด๊ณ ๊ด ๋ณด๊ณ ์(1998)
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์ด์ ๊ฐ์ด ๊ตญ์ ์ฌํ์ ๋ช ๋ฐฑํ ๋ฐํ์ง ์ฌ์ค์ ๋ฌด์ํ๊ณ , ์์๋ถ ์ ๋๋ฅผ ์ ์๋ฒ์ฃ ํผํด์ ์๋ ๋ค์ด ์๋ฐ์ ์์ฌ๋ก ์๊ธฐ์๊ฒ ์ด์ต์ด ๋๋ '๊ณ์ฝ'์ ๋งบ์์์ ์ ์ ๋ก ๊ฒ์์ด๋ก ์ ํ๋ก ๋ถ์ํ ๊ฒ์ ์ฑ๋ ธ์ ์ ์ ๋ฒ์ฃ์ ๋ํ ์นํธ์ด๋ฉฐ ํผํด์์ ๋ํ ๋ช ๋ฐฑํ ๋ชจ์ํ์์ ๋๋ค.
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๊ณผ์ฐ ๋๊ฐ ๋ ธ์๋ฌด์ญ ํ์์ ๋ ธ์๊ฐ ๋ ธ์์์ธ๊ณผ ์๋ฐ์ ์ผ๋ก ์์ ์๊ฒ ์ด์ต์ด ๋๋ ์ ํจํ ๋ ธ์๊ณ์ฝ์ ์ฒด๊ฒฐํ์๋ค๊ณ ๊ฐํ ๋งํ ์ ์์๊น์?
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์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ๋จ์ง์ด ๊ต์์ ๋ฌด์ง์์ ๋น๋กฏ๋์๊ฑฐ๋ ์๋์ ์ธ ๋ฌต์ธ์์ ๋น๋กฏํ ๋ฐ์ธ๊ถ์ ์ธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋นํํฉ๋๋ค.
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์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ๋จ์ง์ด ๊ต์๊ฐ ์ผ๋ณธ ์ ๋ถ์ ๊ผญ๋๊ฐ์๊ฐ ๋์ด ์ผ๋ณธ์ ์นจ๋ต๊ณผ ๊ฐํด ์ญ์ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถ์ ํ๋ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ ๊ฒ์ ๋ฐ์ฑํ๊ณ ์ค์ค๋ก ์ฒ ํํ ๊ฒ์ ์๊ตฌํฉ๋๋ค.
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์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ โ์ธํฐ๋ด์ ๋ ๋ฆฌ๋ทฐ ์ค๋ธ ๋ก ์ค๋ ์ด์ฝ๋ ธ๋ฏน์คโ(International Review of Law and Economics)๊ฐ ๋จ์ง์ด ๊ต์์ ๋ ผ๋ฌธ ๊ฒ์ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฒ ํํ ๊ฒ์ ์๊ตฌํฉ๋๋ค.
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์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ํ๋ฒ๋ ๋ํ ๋ก์ค์ฟจ ํ์ฅ๊ณผ ํ๋ฒ๋ ๋ํ ์ด์ฅ์ ํ์๋ก์ ์ค๋ฆฌ์ ์์ฌ์ ์ ๋ฒ๋ฆผ์ผ๋ก์ ํ๋ฒ๋ ๋ก์ค์ฟจ ๋ช ์๋ฅผ ํผ์ํ๋ ๋จ์ง์ด ๊ต์๋ฅผ ์ง๊ณํ ๊ฒ์ ์๊ตฌํฉ๋๋ค.
โป โComfort Womenโ Still Suffering
http://maywespeak.com/comfort-women-still-suffering/
http://maywespeak.com/sexual-violence-japan/
โป Seeking the True Story of the Comfort Women
https://www.newyorker.com/culture/annals-of-inquiry/seeking-the-true-story-of-the-comfort-women-j-mark-ramseyer
โป On โComfort Womenโ and Academic Freedom: A Rebuttal
https://thediplomat.com/2021/02/on-comfort-women-and-academic-freedom-a-rebutta
โป Comfort women: Japan again provokes anger in Korea
https://www.korea.net/NewsFocus/Column/view?articleId=195001&pageIndex=1

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Petition created on February 2, 2021