NIST Special Publication 1108 NIST Framework and Roadmap for Smart Grid Interoperability Standards, Release 1.0 Office of the National Coordinator for Smart Grid Interoperability While recognizing that the different names used for the future grid have meaningful distinctions to some stakeholders, this report generally uses the term “Smart Grid.” The capitalized version of the term is used in Title XIII of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007. NIST recognizes that lower-case versions of the term also appear in the act. The decision to use Smart Grid is not intended to discount or supersede other terms used to describe a modernized grid that enables bidirectional flows of energy and uses two-way communication and control capabilities that will lead to an array of new functionalities and applications.