Global March for Freedom: For All Oppressed Peoples and Against Genocides Worldwide

United Nations, democratic governments, human rights organizations, and global citizens.

Today, in the 21st century, we are still witnessing grave violations of human rights, systematic oppression, and even ongoing genocides in various parts of the world. Entire populations are being denied their freedom, dignity, and the fundamental right to life.

The situation in Palestine, where a dramatic humanitarian and political crisis has been unfolding for decades, is one of the most painful examples. But it is not the only one: from Africa to Asia, the Middle East to Latin America, millions live under military occupation, dictatorships, apartheid, civil wars, and repressive regimes.

• That international organizations, governments, and civil society actively support this global initiative.
• That all ongoing forms of oppression, including the genocide of the Palestinian people, be publicly recognized and condemned.
• That an annual international event be established to remember the victims of oppression and to promote concrete action for the freedom of all peoples.
• Let a global entity be established to guarantee and protect the right of every person in the world to life, food, housing, and freedom of thought.
• Let a supranational entity be established, above the laws of every country, with the sole purpose of safeguarding the fundamental rights of all people. This entity will have full decision-making authority on human rights matters, and all countries in the world will be obligated to comply with its global regulations, under penalty of international sanctions.

Together, we can make a difference. Sign this petition and help us build a global voice against all injustice.

List of Countries, States, and Territories of the World with Major Cities
(As of May 23, 2025)

--- UN Member States ---

1. Afghanistan (Islamic Republic of Afghanistan)
   - Capital: Kabul
   - Major Cities: Kandahar, Herat, Mazar-i-Sharif, Jalalabad

2. Albania (Republic of Albania)
   - Capital: Tirana
   - Major Cities: Durrës, Vlorë, Shkodër, Elbasan

3. Algeria (People's Democratic Republic of Algeria)
   - Capital: Algiers
   - Major Cities: Oran, Constantine, Annaba, Blida

4. Andorra (Principality of Andorra)
   - Capital: Andorra la Vella
   - Major Cities: Escaldes-Engordany, Encamp, Sant Julià de Lòria

5. Angola (Republic of Angola)
   - Capital: Luanda
   - Major Cities: Huambo, Lobito, Benguela, Namibe

6. Antigua and Barbuda
   - Capital: Saint John’s
   - Major Cities: All Saints, Liberta, Codrington

7. Argentina (Argentine Republic)
   - Capital: Buenos Aires
   - Major Cities: Córdoba, Rosario, Mendoza, La Plata

8. Armenia (Republic of Armenia)
   - Capital: Yerevan
   - Major Cities: Gyumri, Vanadzor, Hrazdan

9. Australia (Commonwealth of Australia)
   - Capital: Canberra
   - Major Cities: Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth, Adelaide

10. Austria (Republic of Austria)
    - Capital: Vienna
    - Major Cities: Graz, Linz, Salzburg, Innsbruck

11. Azerbaijan (Republic of Azerbaijan)
    - Capital: Baku
    - Major Cities: Ganja, Sumqayit, Mingachevir

12. Bahamas (Commonwealth of the Bahamas)
    - Capital: Nassau
    - Major Cities: Freeport, West End, Marsh Harbour

13. Bahrain (Kingdom of Bahrain)
    - Capital: Manama
    - Major Cities: Riffa, Muharraq, Hamad Town

14. Bangladesh (People's Republic of Bangladesh)
    - Capital: Dhaka
    - Major Cities: Chittagong, Khulna, Rajshahi, Sylhet

15. Barbados
    - Capital: Bridgetown
    - Major Cities: Speightstown, Oistins, Holetown

16. Belgium (Kingdom of Belgium)
    - Capital: Brussels
    - Major Cities: Antwerp, Ghent, Bruges, Liège

17. Belize
    - Capital: Belmopan
    - Major Cities: Belize City, San Ignacio, Orange Walk

18. Benin (Republic of Benin)
    - Capital: Porto-Novo
    - Major Cities: Cotonou, Parakou, Djougou

19. Bhutan (Kingdom of Bhutan)
    - Capital: Thimphu
    - Major Cities: Phuntsholing, Paro, Punakha

20. Bolivia (Plurinational State of Bolivia)
    - Capitals: La Paz (administrative), Sucre (constitutional)
    - Major Cities: Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Cochabamba, El Alto

21. Bosnia and Herzegovina
    - Capital: Sarajevo
    - Major Cities: Mostar, Banja Luka, Tuzla, Zenica

22. Botswana (Republic of Botswana)
    - Capital: Gaborone
    - Major Cities: Francistown, Molepolole, Maun

23. Brazil (Federative Republic of Brazil)
    - Capital: Brasília
    - Major Cities: São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Salvador, Fortaleza, Belo Horizonte

24. Brunei (Nation of Brunei, Abode of Peace)
    - Capital: Bandar Seri Begawan
    - Major Cities: Kuala Belait, Seria, Tutong

25. Bulgaria (Republic of Bulgaria)
    - Capital: Sofia
    - Major Cities: Plovdiv, Varna, Burgas, Ruse

26. Burkina Faso
    - Capital: Ouagadougou
    - Major Cities: Bobo-Dioulasso, Koudougou, Ouahigouya

27. Burundi (Republic of Burundi)
    - Capital: Gitega
    - Major Cities: Bujumbura, Ngozi, Ruyigi

28. Cambodia (Kingdom of Cambodia)
    - Capital: Phnom Penh
    - Major Cities: Siem Reap, Battambang, Sihanoukville

29. Cameroon (Republic of Cameroon)
    - Capital: Yaoundé
    - Major Cities: Douala, Garoua, Bamenda

30. Canada
    - Capital: Ottawa
    - Major Cities: Toronto, Montréal, Vancouver, Calgary, Edmonton

31. Cape Verde (Republic of Cabo Verde)
    - Capital: Praia
    - Major Cities: Mindelo, Santa Maria, Assomada

32. Central African Republic
    - Capital: Bangui
    - Major Cities: Bimbo, Berbérati, Carnot

33. Chad (Republic of Chad)
    - Capital: N'Djamena
    - Major Cities: Moundou, Sarh, Abéché

34. Chile (Republic of Chile)
    - Capital: Santiago
    - Major Cities: Valparaíso, Concepción, La Serena, Antofagasta

35. China (People's Republic of China)
    - Capital: Beijing
    - Major Cities: Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Chengdu, Chongqing

36. Colombia (Republic of Colombia)
    - Capital: Bogotá
    - Major Cities: Medellín, Cali, Barranquilla, Cartagena

37. Comoros (Union of the Comoros)
    - Capital: Moroni
    - Major Cities: Mutsamudu, Fomboni, Domoni

38. Congo, Democratic Republic of the
    - Capital: Kinshasa
    - Major Cities: Lubumbashi, Mbuji-Mayi, Goma, Kananga

39. Congo, Republic of the
    - Capital: Brazzaville
    - Major Cities: Pointe-Noire, Dolisie, Nkayi

40. Costa Rica (Republic of Costa Rica)
    - Capital: San José
    - Major Cities: Alajuela, Cartago, Heredia

41. Croatia (Republic of Croatia)
    - Capital: Zagreb
    - Major Cities: Split, Rijeka, Osijek, Zadar

42. Cuba (Republic of Cuba)
    - Capital: Havana
    - Major Cities: Santiago de Cuba, Camagüey, Holguín

43. Cyprus (Republic of Cyprus)
    - Capital: Nicosia
    - Major Cities: Limassol, Larnaca, Paphos

44. Czech Republic
    - Capital: Prague
    - Major Cities: Brno, Ostrava, Plzeň, Liberec

45. Denmark (Kingdom of Denmark)
    - Capital: Copenhagen
    - Major Cities: Aarhus, Odense, Aalborg, Esbjerg

46. Djibouti (Republic of Djibouti)
    - Capital: Djibouti City
    - Major Cities: Ali Sabieh, Tadjoura, Obock

47. Dominica (Commonwealth of Dominica)
    - Capital: Roseau
    - Major Cities: Portsmouth, Marigot, Berekua

48. Dominican Republic
    - Capital: Santo Domingo
    - Major Cities: Santiago de los Caballeros, La Romana, San Pedro de Macorís

49. Ecuador (Republic of Ecuador)
    - Capital: Quito
    - Major Cities: Guayaquil, Cuenca, Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas

50. Egypt (Arab Republic of Egypt)
    - Capital: Cairo
    - Major Cities: Alexandria, Giza, Shubra El Kheima, Port Said

51. El Salvador (Republic of El Salvador)
    - Capital: San Salvador
    - Major Cities: Santa Ana, San Miguel, Soyapango

52. Equatorial Guinea (Republic of Equatorial Guinea)
    - Capital: Malabo
    - Major Cities: Bata, Ebebiyin, Mongomo

53. Eritrea (State of Eritrea)
    - Capital: Asmara
    - Major Cities: Keren, Massawa, Assab

54. Estonia (Republic of Estonia)
    - Capital: Tallinn
    - Major Cities: Tartu, Narva, Pärnu

55. Eswatini (Kingdom of Eswatini)
    - Capital: Mbabane (administrative), Lobamba (royal)
    - Major Cities: Manzini, Big Bend, Mhlume

56. Ethiopia (Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia)
    - Capital: Addis Ababa
    - Major Cities: Dire Dawa, Mekelle, Adama, Hawassa

57. Fiji (Republic of Fiji)
    - Capital: Suva
    - Major Cities: Nadi, Lautoka, Labasa

58. Finland (Republic of Finland)
    - Capital: Helsinki
    - Major Cities: Espoo, Tampere, Vantaa, Turku

59. France (French Republic)
    - Capital: Paris
    - Major Cities: Marseille, Lyon, Toulouse, Nice

60. Gabon (Gabonese Republic)
    - Capital: Libreville
    - Major Cities: Port-Gentil, Franceville, Oyem

61. Gambia (Republic of The Gambia)
    - Capital: Banjul
    - Major Cities: Serekunda, Brikama, Bakau

62. Georgia
    - Capital: Tbilisi
    - Major Cities: Batumi, Kutaisi, Rustavi

63. Germany (Federal Republic of Germany)
    - Capital: Berlin
    - Major Cities: Hamburg, Munich, Cologne, Frankfurt

64. Ghana (Republic of Ghana)
    - Capital: Accra
    - Major Cities: Kumasi, Tamale, Sekondi-Takoradi

65. Greece (Hellenic Republic)
    - Capital: Athens
    - Major Cities: Thessaloniki, Patras, Heraklion

66. Grenada
    - Capital: St. George’s
    - Major Cities: Gouyave, Grenville, Victoria

67. Guatemala (Republic of Guatemala)
    - Capital: Guatemala City
    - Major Cities: Mixco, Villa Nueva, Quetzaltenango

68. Guinea (Republic of Guinea)
    - Capital: Conakry
    - Major Cities: Nzérékoré, Kankan, Kindia

69. Guinea-Bissau (Republic of Guinea-Bissau)
    - Capital: Bissau
    - Major Cities: Bafatá, Gabú, Cacheu

70. Guyana (Co-operative Republic of Guyana)
    - Capital: Georgetown
    - Major Cities: Linden, New Amsterdam, Bartica

71. Haiti (Republic of Haiti)
    - Capital: Port-au-Prince
    - Major Cities: Cap-Haïtien, Gonaïves, Les Cayes

72. Honduras (Republic of Honduras)
    - Capital: Tegucigalpa
    - Major Cities: San Pedro Sula, Choloma, La Ceiba

73. Hungary
    - Capital: Budapest
    - Major Cities: Debrecen, Szeged, Miskolc

74. Iceland (Republic of Iceland)
    - Capital: Reykjavík
    - Major Cities: Kópavogur, Hafnarfjörður, Akureyri

75. India (Republic of India)
    - Capital: New Delhi
    - Major Cities: Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bengaluru, Hyderabad

76. Indonesia (Republic of Indonesia)
    - Capital: Jakarta
    - Major Cities: Surabaya, Bandung, Medan, Semarang

77. Iran (Islamic Republic of Iran)
    - Capital: Tehran
    - Major Cities: Mashhad, Isfahan, Shiraz, Tabriz

78. Iraq (Republic of Iraq)
    - Capital: Baghdad
    - Major Cities: Basra, Mosul, Erbil, Najaf

79. Ireland
    - Capital: Dublin
    - Major Cities: Cork, Galway, Limerick

80. Israel (State of Israel)
    - Capital: Jerusalem
    - Major Cities: Tel Aviv, Haifa, Beersheba

81. Italy (Italian Republic)
    - Capital: Rome
    - Major Cities: Milan, Naples, Turin, Palermo

82. Jamaica
    - Capital: Kingston
    - Major Cities: Montego Bay, Spanish Town, Portmore

83. Japan
    - Capital: Tokyo
    - Major Cities: Osaka, Nagoya, Yokohama, Kyoto

84. Jordan (Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan)
    - Capital: Amman
    - Major Cities: Zarqa, Irbid, Russeifa

85. Kazakhstan (Republic of Kazakhstan)
    - Capital: Astana
    - Major Cities: Almaty, Shymkent, Karaganda

86. Kenya (Republic of Kenya)
    - Capital: Nairobi
    - Major Cities: Mombasa, Kisumu, Nakuru

87. Kiribati (Republic of Kiribati)
    - Capital: South Tarawa
    - Major Cities: Betio, Bairiki, Tabwakea

88. Korea, Democratic People's Republic of
    - Capital: Pyongyang
    - Major Cities: Hamhung, Chongjin, Nampo

89. Korea, Republic of
    - Capital: Seoul
    - Major Cities: Busan, Incheon, Daegu, Gwangju

90. Kuwait (State of Kuwait)
    - Capital: Kuwait City
    - Major Cities: Hawalli, Al Farwaniyah, Jahra

91. Kyrgyzstan (Kyrgyz Republic)
    - Capital: Bishkek
    - Major Cities: Osh, Jalal-Abad, Karakol

92. Laos (Lao People's Democratic Republic)
    - Capital: Vientiane
    - Major Cities: Savannakhet, Pakse, Luang Prabang

93. Latvia (Republic of Latvia)
    - Capital: Riga
    - Major Cities: Daugavpils, Liepāja, Jelgava

94. Lebanon (Lebanese Republic)
    - Capital: Beirut
    - Major Cities: Tripoli, Sidon, Tyre

95. Lesotho (Kingdom of Lesotho)
    - Capital: Maseru
    - Major Cities: Teyateyaneng, Mafeteng, Hlotse

96. Liberia (Republic of Liberia)
    - Capital: Monrovia
    - Major Cities: Gbarnga, Buchanan, Harper

97. Libya
    - Capital: Tripoli
    - Major Cities: Benghazi, Misrata, Zawiya

98. Liechtenstein (Principality of Liechtenstein)
    - Capital: Vaduz
    - Major Cities: Schaan, Balzers, Triesen

99. Lithuania (Republic of Lithuania)
    - Capital: Vilnius
    - Major Cities: Kaunas, Klaipėda, Šiauliai

100. Luxembourg (Grand Duchy of Luxembourg)
     - Capital: Luxembourg City
     - Major Cities: Esch-sur-Alzette, Differdange, Dudelange

101. Madagascar (Republic of Madagascar)
     - Capital: Antananarivo
     - Major Cities: Toamasina, Antsirabe, Fianarantsoa

102. Malawi (Republic of Malawi)
     - Capital: Lilongwe
     - Major Cities: Blantyre, Mzuzu, Zomba

103. Malaysia
     - Capital: Kuala Lumpur
     - Major Cities: Johor Bahru, George Town, Ipoh

104. Maldives (Republic of Maldives)
     - Capital: Malé
     - Major Cities: Addu City, Fuvahmulah, Hithadhoo

105. Mali (Republic of Mali)
     - Capital: Bamako
     - Major Cities: Sikasso, Mopti, Ségou

106. Malta (Republic of Malta)
     - Capital: Valletta
     - Major Cities: Birkirkara, Mosta, Sliema

107. Marshall Islands (Republic of the Marshall Islands)
     - Capital: Majuro
     - Major Cities: Ebeye, Jaluit, Kwajalein

108. Mauritania (Islamic Republic of Mauritania)
     - Capital: Nouakchott
     - Major Cities: Nouadhibou, Rosso, Kaédi

109. Mauritius (Republic of Mauritius)
     - Capital: Port Louis
     - Major Cities: Beau Bassin-Rose Hill, Vacoas-Phoenix, Curepipe

110. Mexico (United Mexican States)
     - Capital: Mexico City
     - Major Cities: Guadalajara, Monterrey, Puebla, Tijuana

111. Micronesia (Federated States of Micronesia)
     - Capital: Palikir
     - Major Cities: Weno, Tofol, Kolonia

112. Moldova (Republic of Moldova)
     - Capital: Chișinău
     - Major Cities: Tiraspol, Bălți, Bender

113. Monaco (Principality of Monaco)
     - Capital: Monaco
     - Major Cities: Monte Carlo, La Condamine, Fontvieille

114. Mongolia
     - Capital: Ulaanbaatar
     - Major Cities: Erdenet, Darkhan, Choibalsan

115. Montenegro
     - Capital: Podgorica
     - Major Cities: Nikšić, Herceg Novi, Pljevlja

116. Morocco (Kingdom of Morocco)
     - Capital: Rabat
     - Major Cities: Casablanca, Fez, Marrakesh, Tangier

117. Mozambique (Republic of Mozambique)
     - Capital: Maputo
     - Major Cities: Matola, Nampula, Beira

118. Myanmar (Republic of the Union of Myanmar)
     - Capital: Naypyidaw
     - Major Cities: Yangon, Mandalay, Mawlamyine

119. Namibia (Republic of Namibia)
     - Capital: Windhoek
     - Major Cities: Walvis Bay, Swakopmund, Rundu

120. Nauru (Republic of Nauru)
     - Capital: Yaren
     - Major Cities: Denigomodu, Meneng, Aiwo

121. Nepal (Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal)
     - Capital: Kathmandu
     - Major Cities: Pokhara, Biratnagar, Lalitpur

122. Netherlands (Kingdom of the Netherlands)
     - Capital: Amsterdam
     - Major Cities: Rotterdam, The Hague, Utrecht, Eindhoven

123. New Zealand
     - Capital: Wellington
     - Major Cities: Auckland, Christchurch, Hamilton

124. Nicaragua (Republic of Nicaragua)
     - Capital: Managua
     - Major Cities: León, Masaya, Chinandega

125. Niger (Republic of Niger)
     - Capital: Niamey
     - Major Cities: Zinder, Maradi, Agadez

126. Nigeria (Federal Republic of Nigeria)
     - Capital: Abuja
     - Major Cities: Lagos, Kano, Ibadan, Port Harcourt

127. North Macedonia (Republic of North Macedonia)
     - Capital: Skopje
     - Major Cities: Bitola, Kumanovo, Prilep

128. Norway (Kingdom of Norway)
     - Capital: Oslo
     - Major Cities: Bergen, Trondheim, Stavanger

129. Oman (Sultanate of Oman)
     - Capital: Muscat
     - Major Cities: Salalah, Sohar, Nizwa

130. Pakistan (Islamic Republic of Pakistan)
     - Capital: Islamabad
     - Major Cities: Karachi, Lahore, Faisalabad, Rawalpindi

131. Palau (Republic of Palau)
     - Capital: Ngerulmud
     - Major Cities: Koror, Airai, Melekeok

132. Panama (Republic of Panama)
     - Capital: Panama City
     - Major Cities: Colón, David, La Chorrera

133. Papua New Guinea (Independent State of Papua New Guinea)
     - Capital: Port Moresby
     - Major Cities: Lae, Madang, Mount Hagen

134. Paraguay (Republic of Paraguay)
     - Capital: Asunción
     - Major Cities: Ciudad del Este, Luque, San Lorenzo

135. Peru (Republic of Peru)
     - Capital: Lima
     - Major Cities: Arequipa, Trujillo, Chiclayo

136. Philippines (Republic of the Philippines)
     - Capital: Manila
     - Major Cities: Davao City, Cebu City, Zamboanga City

137. Poland (Republic of Poland)
     - Capital: Warsaw
     - Major Cities: Kraków, Łódź, Wrocław, Poznań

138. Portugal (Portuguese Republic)
     - Capital: Lisbon
     - Major Cities: Porto, Coimbra, Braga

139. Qatar (State of Qatar)
     - Capital: Doha
     - Major Cities: Al Rayyan, Umm Salal, Al Wakrah

140. Romania
     - Capital: Bucharest
     - Major Cities: Cluj-Napoca, Timișoara, Iași

141. Russia (Russian Federation)
     - Capital: Moscow
     - Major Cities: Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Kazan

142. Rwanda (Republic of Rwanda)
     - Capital: Kigali
     - Major Cities: Gisenyi, Butare, Ruhengeri

143. Saint Kitts and Nevis (Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis)
     - Capital: Basseterre
     - Major Cities: Charlestown, Sandy Point Town, Cayon

144. Saint Lucia
     - Capital: Castries
     - Major Cities: Gros Islet, Vieux Fort, Soufrière

145. Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
     - Capital: Kingstown
     - Major Cities: Georgetown, Barrouallie, Chateaubelair

146. Samoa (Independent State of Samoa)
     - Capital: Apia
     - Major Cities: Vaitele, Faleasiu, Vailele

147. San Marino (Republic of San Marino)
     - Capital: San Marino
     - Major Cities: Serravalle, Borgo Maggiore, Domagnano

148. São Tomé and Príncipe (Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe)
     - Capital: São Tomé
     - Major Cities: Santo António, Neves, Santana

149. Saudi Arabia (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia)
     - Capital: Riyadh
     - Major Cities: Jeddah, Mecca, Medina, Dammam

150. Senegal (Republic of Senegal)
     - Capital: Dakar
     - Major Cities: Thiès, Saint-Louis, Kaolack

151. Serbia (Republic of Serbia)
     - Capital: Belgrade
     - Major Cities: Novi Sad, Niš, Kragujevac

152. Seychelles (Republic of Seychelles)
     - Capital: Victoria
     - Major Cities: Anse Boileau, Beau Vallon, Takamaka

153. Sierra Leone (Republic of Sierra Leone)
     - Capital: Freetown
     - Major Cities: Bo, Kenema, Makeni

154. Singapore (Republic of Singapore)
     - Capital: Singapore
     - Major Cities: Jurong, Woodlands, Tampines

155. Slovakia (Slovak Republic)
     - Capital: Bratislava
     - Major Cities: Košice, Prešov, Žilina

156. Slovenia (Republic of Slovenia)
     - Capital: Ljubljana
     - Major Cities: Maribor, Koper, Celje

157. Solomon Islands
     - Capital: Honiara
     - Major Cities: Gizo, Auki, Malaita

158. Somalia (Federal Republic of Somalia)
     - Capital: Mogadishu
     - Major Cities: Hargeisa, Bosaso, Garowe

159. South Africa (Republic of South Africa)
     - Capital: Pretoria (administrative), Cape Town (legislative), Bloemfontein (judicial)
     - Major Cities: Johannesburg, Durban, Port Elizabeth

160. South Sudan (Republic of South Sudan)
     - Capital: Juba
     - Major Cities: Wau, Malakal, Yei

161. Spain (Kingdom of Spain)
     - Capital: Madrid
     - Major Cities: Barcelona, Valencia, Seville, Zaragoza

162. Sri Lanka (Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka)
     - Capital: Colombo (commercial), Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte (administrative)
     - Major Cities: Kandy, Galle, Jaffna

163. Sudan (Republic of the Sudan)
     - Capital: Khartoum
     - Major Cities: Omdurman, Port Sudan, Nyala

164. Suriname (Republic of Suriname)
     - Capital: Paramaribo
     - Major Cities: Lelydorp, Nieuw Nickerie, Moengo

165. Sweden (Kingdom of Sweden)
     - Capital: Stockholm
     - Major Cities: Gothenburg, Malmö, Uppsala

166. Switzerland (Swiss Confederation)
     - Capital: Bern
     - Major Cities: Zurich, Geneva, Basel, Lausanne

167. Syria (Syrian Arab Republic)
     - Capital: Damascus
     - Major Cities: Aleppo, Homs, Hama

168. Tajikistan (Republic of Tajikistan)
     - Capital: Dushanbe
     - Major Cities: Khujand, Kulob, Qurghonteppa

169. Tanzania (United Republic of Tanzania)
     - Capital: Dodoma
     - Major Cities: Dar es Salaam, Mwanza, Arusha

170. Thailand (Kingdom of Thailand)
     - Capital: Bangkok
     - Major Cities: Chiang Mai, Pattaya, Hat Yai

171. Timor-Leste (Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste)
     - Capital: Dili
     - Major Cities: Baucau, Maliana, Suai

172. Togo (Togolese Republic)
     - Capital: Lomé
     - Major Cities: Sokodé, Kara, Atakpamé

173. Tongslate: Tonga (Kingdom of Tonga)
     - Capital: Nukuʻalofa
     - Major Cities: Neiafu, Haveluloto, Vaini

174. Trinidad and Tobago (Republic of Trinidad and Tobago)
     - Capital: Port of Spain
     - Major Cities: San Fernando, Chaguanas, Arima

175. Tunisia (Republic of Tunisia)
     - Capital: Tunis
     - Major Cities: Sfax, Sousse, Kairouan

176. Turkey (Republic of Türkiye)
     - Capital: Ankara
     - Major Cities: Istanbul, Izmir, Bursa, Adana

177. Turkmenistan
     - Capital: Ashgabat
     - Major Cities: Türkmenbaşy, Daşoguz, Mary

178. Tuvalu
     - Capital: Funafuti
     - Major Cities: Vaiaku, Asau, Savave

179. Uganda (Republic of Uganda)
     - Capital: Kampala
     - Major Cities: Gulu, Lira, Mbale

180. Ukraine
     - Capital: Kyiv
     - Major Cities: Kharkiv, Odesa, Dnipro, Lviv

181. United Arab Emirates
     - Capital: Abu Dhabi
     - Major Cities: Dubai, Sharjah, Al Ain

182. United Kingdom (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland)
     - Capital: London
     - Major Cities: Manchester, Birmingham, Glasgow, Liverpool

183. United States of America
     - Capital: Washington, D.C.
     - Major Cities: New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, Houston, Miami

184. Uruguay (Oriental Republic of Uruguay)
     - Capital: Montevideo
     - Major Cities: Salto, Ciudad de la Costa, Paysandú

185. Uzbekistan (Republic of Uzbekistan)
     - Capital: Tashkent
     - Major Cities: Samarkand, Namangan, Andijan

186. Vanuatu (Republic of Vanuatu)
     - Capital: Port Vila
     - Major Cities: Luganville, Norsup, Isangel

187. Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela)
     - Capital: Caracas
     - Major Cities: Maracaibo, Valencia, Barquisimeto

188. Vietnam (Socialist Republic of Vietnam)
     - Capital: Hanoi
     - Major Cities: Ho Chi Minh City, Da Nang, Hai Phong

189. Yemen (Republic of Yemen)
     - Capital: Sana’a
     - Major Cities: Aden, Taiz, Al Hudaydah

190. Zambia (Republic of Zambia)
     - Capital: Lusaka
     - Major Cities: Kitwe, Ndola, Livingstone

191. Zimbabwe (Republic of Zimbabwe)
     - Capital: Harare
     - Major Cities: Bulawayo, Chitungwiza, Mutare

--- UN Observer States ---

192. Vatican City (Holy See)
     - Capital: Vatican City
     - Major Cities: None (city-state)

193. Palestine (State of Palestine)
     - Capital: Ramallah (administrative), East Jerusalem (claimed)
     - Major Cities: Gaza City, Hebron, Nablus, Rafah

--- States with Limited Recognition ---

194. Abkhazia (Republic of Abkhazia)
     - Capital: Sukhumi
     - Major Cities: Gagra, Gudauta, Ochamchire

195. Artsakh (Republic of Artsakh)
     - Capital: Stepanakert
     - Major Cities: Shushi, Martuni, Martakert

196. Kosovo (Republic of Kosovo)
     - Capital: Pristina
     - Major Cities: Prizren, Peja, Mitrovica

197. Northern Cyprus (Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus)
     - Capital: North Nicosia
     - Major Cities: Famagusta, Kyrenia, Morphou

198. Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
     - Capital: Laayoune (claimed), Tifariti (temporary)
     - Major Cities: Dakhla, Smara, El Aaiún (partially controlled)

199. Somaliland (Republic of Somaliland)
     - Capital: Hargeisa
     - Major Cities: Burao, Berbera, Borama

200. South Ossetia (Republic of South Ossetia)
     - Capital: Tskhinvali
     - Major Cities: Kvaisa, Leningor, Akhalgori

201. Taiwan (Republic of China)
     - Capital: Taipei
     - Major Cities: Kaohsiung, Taichung, Tainan, Hsinchu

202. Transnistria (Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic)
     - Capital: Tiraspol
     - Major Cities: Bender, Rîbnița, Dubăsari

--- States in Free Association with New Zealand ---

203. Cook Islands
     - Capital: Avarua
     - Major Cities: Arutanga, Amuri, Omoka

204. Niue
     - Capital: Alofi
     - Major Cities: Hakupu, Tuapa, Avatele

--- Other Entities with De Facto Control ---

205. Donetsk People's Republic
     - Capital: Donetsk
     - Major Cities: Horlivka, Makiivka, Mariupol

206. Luhansk People's Republic
     - Capital: Luhansk
     - Major Cities: Alchevsk, Krasnodon, Sverdlovsk

--- Selected Dependent Territories ---

207. American Samoa (United States)
     - Capital: Pago Pago
     - Major Cities: Tāfuna, Nu’uuli, Leone

208. Aruba (Kingdom of the Netherlands)
     - Capital: Oranjestad
     - Major Cities: Noord, Santa Cruz, Savaneta

209. Bermuda (United Kingdom)
     - Capital: Hamilton
     - Major Cities: St. George’s, Somerset Village

210. Faroe Islands (Kingdom of Denmark)
     - Capital: Tórshavn
     - Major Cities: Klaksvík, Runavík, Fuglafjørður

211. French Polynesia (France)
     - Capital: Papeete
     - Major Cities: Faaa, Punaauia, Mahina

212. Greenland (Kingdom of Denmark)
     - Capital: Nuuk
     - Major Cities: Sisimiut, Ilulissat, Qaqortoq

213. Guam (United States)
     - Capital: Hagåtña
     - Major Cities: Dededo, Yigo, Tamuning

214. Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region of China)
     - Capital: Hong Kong
     - Major Cities: Kowloon, Sha Tin, Tsuen Wan

215. Macao (Special Administrative Region of China)
     - Capital: Macao
     - Major Cities: Taipa, Coloane

216. Puerto Rico (United States)
     - Capital: San Juan
     - Major Cities: Bayamón, Carolina, Ponce