A recent review in the Journal of Military and Veterans' Health, a peer reviewed journal published by the Australasian Military Medicine Association, sheds some light on the medical effects of non-lethal weapons which may be broadly categorised into:

• blunt trauma effects
• eye effects
• auditory effects
• electrophysiological effects
• toxicological/pharmaceutical effects
• psychological effects.

Although this review is limited in scope, it is a rare reference for victims and health care providers as these weapons are affecting more people around the globe.

https://jmvh.org/article/less-than-lethal-weapons-the-medical-effects-of-non-lethal-weapons-a-review1/