Open-pit mining is a type of mineral or rock extraction that does not necessitate tunneling into the earth. When a desired mineral or rock is near the surface, companies typically opt for open-pit mining due to its lower costs and increased efficiency.

Open-pit mining can have a negative impact on the surrounding environment and ecosystems. The removal of the overburden destroys the pre-existing landscape and contributes to erosion. Moreover, chemicals used to treat extracted minerals --- for instance, cyanide used to treat gold ore --- can sometimes leak into the surrounding soil and water systems. Open-pit mines also require numerous roads and an accompanying production or treatment infrastructure.

This can result in the contaminants leeching into the soil or local surface and ground water systems. Exposure to many of the chemicals used in mining can cause both immediate and chronic health problems.